BaUamorrhiza. COMPOSITE. 265 



W. carnosa, Pers. Perennial herb, slightly strigose-liispidulons, glabrate : stem exten- 

 siively crei'ping, sending up erect brandies: leaves tieshy, mostly sessile, cuneatc-obloug to 

 obovate, somewhat serrate, often with some coarse teetli or 3 to 5 short lobes : rays golden 

 3'ellow, 3-toothed, little surpasshig the oblong foliaceous iuvolucral bracts: akenes (3 lines 

 long including the cupulate pappus) much thickened and muricate-scabrous at maturity, the 

 attenuate base compressed and sharp-edged. — Syu. ii.490; DC. Prodr. v. 538 ; Griscb. Fl. 

 W. Ind. 371. Silphiuni trilobatum,!,. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1302 (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 107, f. 2; 

 Sloane, Jam. t. 155, f. 1). Buphthalmam repens, Lam. — Biscayne Bav, 8. E. Florida, Curtiss. 

 (\V. lud., S. Am.) 



98. BORRlCHIA, Adans. (Ole Borrich, a Danish botanist of the 17th 

 century.) --Shrubs or suifruticose and more or less fleshy phmts of the sea-coast, 

 canescent, or becoming ghxbrate and green ; with opposite entire or denticulate 

 leaves tapering somewhat into a petiole, and rather large heads of yellow flowers 

 on terminal peduncles: fl. summer. — Fam. ii. 130; DC. Prodr. v. 488. 



B. arborescens, DC. Shrub 4 feet or less high, fleshy, much branched : leaves spatulate- 

 lancet)hite, rigidly mucronate, veinless : involucre appressed : bracts of the receptacle obtuse 

 or barely mucronate. — Prodr. 1. c. Asteriscus, &c.. Dill. Elth. t. 38, f. 43. Coronn-sofis 



frutescois, &c., Plum. ed. Burm. t. IG, f. 2. Buphthulmum arborescens, IL. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1273. 

 — Sandy .shores and Keys, S. Florida. (\V. Ind. to Peru.) 

 B. frutescens, DC. Less woody, more permanently canescent ; the simpler stems 1 to 3 feet 

 high : leaves fleshy-coriaceous, from obovate to spatulate-lauceolate, sometimes dentate : 

 bracts of the involucre smaller and looser, spreading in age ; of the receptacle spiuulose- 



cuspidate — Prodr. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 268. Astrn'scus frutescens, &c., Dill. Elth. 



t. 38, f. 44. C/irysinithemum fnitirosiim, &{:., Ciitesh. Car. i. t. 93. BupJil/uihumn frutescens, 



L. Spec. ii. 903; Walt. Car. 212. — Sandy sea-coast, Virginia to Texas. (Mex., &c.) 



99. BALSAMORRHfZA, Hook. (BaXo-a/xov, balsam, pt^a, root.) — 

 Ivow perennials (all of Central and Western N. America) ; with thick and deep 

 roots, which exude a terebinthine balsam, and send up a tuft of radical leaves, 

 mostly on long petioles, and short simple few-leaved flowering stems or naked 

 scapes, bearing large and mostly solitary heads of yellow flowers ; the rays ample 

 and numerous. Cauline leaves when present alternate or occasionally opposite, 

 petioled. The root, when peeled (to get rid of the terebinthine rind) and baked, 

 is an article of food to the aborigines, and the akenes are also eaten. — Fl. i. 

 310 (under Heliopsis) ; Torr. & Gray, Fh ii. 300; Gray, PL Fendl. 81. 



§ 1. Ligules becoming tliin-papery, and persistent on or very tardily deciduous 

 from the canescently pubescent akenes. — KaUiactls, Gray, 1. c. 



B. Careyana, Gray, 1. c. Cinereous-pubescent, sliglitly scabrous : flowering stems a foot 

 high, hearing 3 or 4 small lanceolate leaves and 2 to 7 raeemosely disposed heads: leaves 

 subcoriaceous, entire, reticulated ; the radical cordate-lanceolate, a span or more in length : 

 involucre half-inch or more higli : ligules oval, hardly inch long, abru])tly contracted into a 

 very short but distinct tube : style-branches of the disk-flowers subulate and very hispid 

 throughout. — Sandy plains on the Clearwater, Idaho, fl. May, Spaldinij. Kedi.scovered on 

 the Wallawalla, Washington Terr., 1883, T)y Brandegee, with the rays deciduous from the 

 mature fruit. 



§ 2. Ligules deciduous in the ordinary manner : akenes glabrous : stems or 

 scapes terminated by solitary or sometimes 2 or 3 heads. 



* Leaves entire or merely serrate ; the principal ones cordate or with cordate base and lonR-peti- 

 oled. — § Artorhiza, Nutt. Trans. Am. I'hii. Soc. vii. .350. Espeletia, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Plhlad. 

 vii. .39, not Hunib. & Bonpl. 



B. sagittata, Nutt. Silvery-tomentulose or canescent, and the involucre wliite-woolly : 

 radical leaves from cordate-oblong to hastate, entire or nearly so (4 to 9 inches long, the 



