Heliantlms. COMPOSITE. 277 



roots. — Moist or wet grouud, Canada to Saskatchewan, and south to Alabama and Louisiana. 

 Very variable: the var. umbi(]UHs, Torr. & CJray, 1. c, is intermediate between this species 

 and //. (liroricatus, probably a hybrid. 

 H. Mailiiniliani, Schuadeu. Hispidulous-scabmus : stem stout, 2 or .3 (and even 10 to 12) 

 feet high, below mostly rough-hispid : leaves almost all alternate, thickish, becoming rigid, 

 very scabrous above, lanceulate, acute or acuminate at both ends, mostly subsessile, all entire 

 or sparingly denticulate : heads comparatively large, short-pedunclcd, terminating somewhat 

 simjile stem or branches, and later in the axils of many of the cauline leaves : involucre 

 of more rigid bracts : rays numerous, often inch and a half long, golden yellow : flowering 

 late. — Ind. Sem. Hort. Gcett. 1835; DC. Prodr. vii. 290; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 325; Gray, 

 PI. Lindli. i. 41 (with var. aspcrrimus, which is merely a rougher form) ; Meehan, Nat. PI. ii. 

 t. 37. — Rich prairies and plains, west of the Mississippi, and from Saskatchewan and Min- 

 nesota to Texas. 



++ ++ Pacific species: leaves mostly lanceolate, broader toward the base and tapering to an acute 

 or acuminate apex, short-petioled or subsessile : involucre of narrow or snndl bracts : rays about 

 inch long. 



= Bracts of the involucre linear- or lanceolate-subulate, attenuate, fully equalling the disk, lier- 

 baceous, loose or soon squarrose-sprcading : stem usually smooth and glabrous, except at the 

 .sunnnit. 



H. Nuttallii, Toke. & Gray. Stem slender, 2 to 4 feet high, commonly simple : leaves 

 lanceolate or the upper linear (3 to 6 inches long, 3 to 9 lines wide, in small plants not rarely 

 all opposite), serrulate or entire: heads half-inch high: bracts of the involucre naked or 

 somewhat hirsute at base : disk-corollas slightly pubescent toward the base r palca; of the 

 pappus long and narrow. — Fl. ii. 324. //. Californlcus, Nutt. in herb., not DC. — In wet 

 soil, Kocky Mountains, from western part of Wyoming and Utah to Oregon, Washington 

 Terr., and interior of Brit. Columbia. 



H. Parishii, Gray. Kesembles the preceding, G to 15 feet high : leaves elongated-lanceo- 

 late, softly cinereous-puberulent or even canescent beneath, scabrous above : heads half-inch 

 high ami ravs 10 to 18 lines long: bracts of the involucre linear-subulate, longer than the 

 disk, villous toward the base : disk-corollas with a silky-villous ring or two tufts above the 

 short proper tube: paleas of the pappus slender-subulate. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. — S. E. 

 California, in wet places and along streams at San Bernardino, Parish ; fl. autunm. 



H. Calif ornicus, DC. Tall, 3 to 8 feet high, usually branching : leaves lanceolate, entire 

 or serrate (the larger 4 to 10 inches long, sometimes an inch or two wide) : heads mostly 

 two-thirds inch high : rays over an inch long when well developed : bracts of the involucre 

 slightly hirsute or naked : disk-corollas canescently puberulent toward the base : akenes very 

 ghibrous : palea; of the pappus broadly lanceolate. — Prodr. v. 589 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 325 ; 

 Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 353. H. fjitjanteus, var. iiisnhis, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. v. 17. — 

 California, along streams, from San Francisco Bay southward. 



Var. Utaiiensis (//• giganteus, var. Utahensis, Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 169) seems 

 rather to be a form of //. Cnlifornicus, with thin and smoother leaves, and involucre more 

 hirsute. — Wahsatch Mts., Parley's Park, Utah, Watson. 



Var. Mariposianus. Leaves ample ; upper cauline ovate or oblong-lanceolate, en- 

 tire (7 (ir 8 indies long by 2 or more wide) : pappus not rarely of 4 linear-lanceolate paleae 

 of nearly e(iual length, or two often reduced and short. — Banks of the Merced at Clark's 

 Ranch, Mariposa Co., California, Bolander. 



= = Bracts of the involucre broader and short, erect. 



H. gracilentus, Gray. Stem 2 to 5 feet high, rough-hispidiilous, the slender branches 

 glabrous or scabrous: leaves thickish, scal)rous and commonly hispidulous both sides, spar- 

 ingly denticulate or entire ; lower cauline from broadly to ovate-lanceolate, triplinerved near 

 the base, which is abruptly contracted into a short margined petiole ; ujjper lanceolate : 

 heads .slender-peduncled, half-inch high : bracts of the involucre imliricated in about 3 ranks, 

 thickish, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or apiculate-acuniinate, shorter than the disk, 

 scabrous-pubernlent, usually ciliolate : chaff of receptacle with ]mbernlent obtuse or abruptly 

 acuti.sh tips, below often purplish : rays 12 to IG, al)ont inch long. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 77, 

 Bot. Calif, i. 616. — Low plains and along water-courses, San Diego Co. to San Bernardino 

 Co., California, Palmer, Parry & Levimon, Parish, &C. 



