miianihus. COMPOSITE. 279 



long, and it would appear to pass into FT. sfi-mnoxits except for tlic roniarkalile smootlineFS. 

 Bracts of the involucre minutely ciliolate. 



-H- -H- -w-' Heads middle-sized, at least lialf-inch high : rays usually but not always more than 

 10, an inch or more long: plant uuiltiplying by creeping rootstocks. (Species difiicult of extri- 

 cation, either confluent or mixed by intercrossing.) 

 = Can] ine leaves all sessile and even somewhat connate by a more or less narrowed base, those 

 of the flowering branches not rarely alternate, none more than seiTulate, no lateral basal ribs. 

 H. doronicoides, L.\>r. Minutely pubescent and somewhat scabrous: stem 3 to 7 feet 

 high : leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed from below the middle to Loth ends, moderately so 

 below, lightly or indistinctly triplinerved much above the base, 4 to 8 inches long : involucre 

 of loose subulate-linear and slender pointed bracts, soft-puliescent or hirsute: rays 13 to 18, 

 a third to half inch broad, sometimes iiicli and a half long: ovary and akene glabrous. — 

 Diet. iii. 84 ; Torr. & Gray, I"], ii. 327, in part, excl. syn. Yahl, &c., not of Gray, Man. 

 //. puhescens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2778, not Valil. //. c/'nereus ? var. Sulh'i-n7itii, Torr. & Gray, 

 1. c. 324, appears to he a fornr of this. — Dry Ground, Ohio to Missouri, &c. 



= = Cauline leaves sessile or nearly so by a rounded or subcordate and 3-ncrvcd base, thence 

 gradually narrowed to the slender apex, of ratliLT Ann texture: heads and ray.s comparatively 

 small. 



H. divaricatUS, L- Stem simple to the summit or nearly, a foot to a yard high, mostly 

 slender, rigid, usually smooth and glahrons below and hisnidnlous-scabrous at summit, bear- 

 ing few short -pedunelcd heads : leaves green and scabrous both sides, apprepsed-serrulate, 

 all the caulino opposite and horizontally divaricate (whence the name), commonly 4 or 5 

 inches long, and at base an inch or two wide : head only half-inch high . bracts of the invo 

 lucre lanceolate-subulate, usually hirsute-ciliate : rays 8 to 12, at most an iuch long. — Spec, 

 ii. 90G (excl. syn. Moris. Hist. sect. 6, t. 7, f. G6) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 250; Willd. Spec. iii. 2244; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 329. //. truncatus, Schweinitz in Ell. 8k. ii. 416. CItrrsnnthnniim Vir- 

 cjiniunum, &c., Moris. Hist. sect. 6, t. 3, f. 62? — Dry and sandy or gravelly soil, Canada and 

 Saskatchewan to Florida and Louisiana. 



= = == Cauline leaves short-petiolcd or upper subscssile, serrulate or serrate with small erect 

 teeth, or the uppermost entire, all friidiuorvcd from near the base. 



H. hirsutus, K.\f. Stem simple or branched at summit, 2 to 4 feet high, rigid, commonly 

 smootli below, rough and hispidulous above : leaves oblong-lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, 

 subsessile or sliort-petioled Mitli a roundish or broad abrupt and rarely subcordate or some- 

 times rather euneate base, thence gradually tapering to tlie point in the manner of //. dirari- 

 catus, scabrous aliove, somewhat so and little paler beneath: bracts of the involucre usually 

 broadly lanceolate and acuminate, ciliate, unequal, comnnnily erect and not surj)assing the 

 disk : rays 12 to 15, rather broad, fully inch long. —Ann. Kat. (1820), 14 ; DC. Trodr. v. 591 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 329. //. diver sifoli us & II. hispldulus? Ell. Sk. 1. c. — Dry or moist 

 soil, Ohio to Wisconsin and sinitli to Georgia and Texas. 



Var. trachyphyllus, Tour. & Gray, 1. c, a form from Arkansas, -w ith thick very 

 rough leaves, and larger heads with squarrose involucre. 



Var. stenophyllus, Torr. & Gray, 1. c, a small form, with narrow lanceolate 

 leaves almost sessile by a somcwlnit contracted ba<e. — //. strumas us, var. ? leptophijllus, Torr. 

 & Gray, 1. c, may be the same witii smootlicr stem. — Louisiana and Texas. 



H. strumosUS, L. Rootstocks long and slender, often branching, thickened often into a 

 narrow fusiform tuber at the apex: stem usually branching, 3 to 6 feet liigh, glabrous and 

 very smootli and often glaucous, but summit and branches not rarely hisj)idulous : leaves 

 oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, or the lower sometimes ovate, acute or acuminate, slightly serrate 

 or some of them entire, bright-green and somewhat papillose-scabrous above, whitish hene.atii 

 (either with or without minute tomentnm), abruj)tly contracted or more tapering into a 

 margined petiole (the larger 5 to 8 inches long and 2 wide) • heads ratlier small (iialf-inch 

 high), but the rays ample, 9 to 15, commonly oblong, an inch to incli and a lialf long : bracts of 

 the involucre rather broadly or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes with attenuate spread- 

 ing tips, rarely surpassing the disk, ciliate, eitlier glabrous or pubescent on tlie back : pajipus 

 not rarely with intermediate squamelhe. either free or adnate to tlie base of the jialeas. — 

 Spec. ii. 905 ; Ait. Kew. iii. 249 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. //. Utvis, Walt. Car. 215 ? //. ncijkrUis, 

 Otto, in Berlin Garden, is either a glabrotis form of tliis, or is H. I<vvi(jutus. — Open woods 

 and banks, Canada to Wisconsin, Georgia, and Arkansas. 



