Encelia. COMPOSITE. 281 



Belding, 1875. At All-Saints Bay, 70 miles below the U. S. boundary, Parry, 1883; perhaps 

 therefore within the U. S. A singular species, with aspect of a Vlyuieru, but a caducous pappus 

 of two lanceolate palea; and no squamellic. 



105. FLOURENSIA, DC. {M. J. P. Flourens, a distinguished physi- 

 ologist.) — Fouiuled on two homogamous northern Mexican species, of very dis- 

 tinct habit and character, shrubby, ahiiost gUibrous, somewhat resiniferous-viscid, 

 much branched, with alternate entire leaves, either corymbed or paniculate short- 

 peduncled heads from upper axils, and whitish or yellowish flowers. To these 

 the founder added two Cliilian radiate species, viz. F. corf/mbosa, which is a 



Viguiera ( V. Pcepinrjii) ; and F. tJiurifera (HcUanthus thurifer, Molina"), which 

 may probably remain as a subgenus, Diomedla, Bertero and Colla, not Cass. — 

 DC. Prodr. v. 592, excl. no. 2 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. 



F. cemTia, DC, 1. c. Very branching and leafy shrub, Mith the aromatic bitterness and 

 odor of !iops, 3 to 6 feet high ; branches puberulent : leaves obovate and oblong, half to inch 

 and a half long, acute at both ends, dull, obscurely veiny : heads seldom half-inch long, sub- 

 sessile in the axils or terminating paniculate branchlets, soon nodding : involucre cam- 

 panulate, shorter than the disk, of lanceolate erect imbricated bracts, with some outer and 

 spreading foliaccous ones passing into leaves : tips of the short style-branches Tnuch dilated, 

 wider than high: awns of tlie pappus rigid, half the length of the apjiressed-villous akene, 

 the slender squamellaj not surpassing the villous hairs. — Gray, PI. Wright, i. 114, & ii. 89. 

 Ildianthus cernuus, Beuth. & Hook. Gen., ex Hemsl., but it is not really so referred, nor has 

 it any likeues.'; to that genus. — Arid hills and plains, W. Texas to Arizona, Wright, Lein- 

 moii, &c. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier, Gregg, &c.) 

 F. LAURiFOLi.'V, DC. 1. c, of X. E. JMexico, Berlandier, Palmer, is larger, with oblong and 



more veiny lucid leaves (2 to 4 inches long, on distinct petioles), corymboscly clustered heads 



of twice or thrice the size, &c. ; may occur on tlie Lower Rio Grande. 



106. ENCELIA, Adans. {Christopher Encel, wrote upon oak-galls.) — 

 Herbs or some under-shrubby (all American, chiefly subtropical) ; with alternate 

 or opposite leaves, commonly with rather showy radiate heads of flowers on 

 naked peduncles ; the rays mostly yellow, occasionally wanting ; the disk j-ellow 

 or brownish. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle usually soft and mainly scarious. — 

 Benth. & diook. Gen. ii. 378. Encelia, Simsia (Pers.), & Armania (Bertero), 

 DC. Prodr., with Gercea, Torr. & Gray, & Barrattia, Gray & Engelm. Keglect- 

 ing the pappus, which is inconstant, the four sections may be reduced to two. 



§ 1. EuENCELiA. Akenes densely long-ciliate : upper and commonly most of 

 tlie leaves alternate : petioles naked. — Fi/ceiia, Adans. Fam. ii. 1 28. Pallasia, 

 L'Her. ex Ait., not L. f. Gercea^ Torr. & Gray, &c. 



* Shrubby or ligncsccnt at base, wi:h herbaceous ilowcring branches: leaves from ovate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, mostly entire. 



E. MicRorntLLA, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xv. 37, & xix. 7, of Northern ^lexico, makes the 

 nearest approach to Flourensia, and commonly has a biaristellate pappus. 



I'^. AI.RESCEXS, Gray, 1. c. viii. 6.58, of Sonora in Mexico, Palmer, appears to be more herba- 

 ceous than the folloAving species; the akenes less strongly villous on the edges, except next tJic 

 summit, and the faces pubescent : pappus biaristellate. It may be expected in S. Arizona. 



E. HALIMIFOLIA, Cav. Ic. iii. 6, t. 210 (Palladia grtiy,difioro,W\\iA. Spec. iii. 2261), from 

 "Nova Mispania," i. e. Mexico, probably from the P.icitio side. This resembles E. Calijornira, 

 and, being described as having green and glabrous leaves and ciliate involucral bracts, is very 

 probably identi.^ed in a plant collected on the Xacpil River, Sonora, by Palme'-, perhaps not far 

 below the Mexican border of Arizona. It is probably also E. conspena, Benth. Bot. Sulph., of 

 Lower California. 



