344 COMPOSITiE. Bknnosperma. 



Crocidlum, to which this anomalous genus is perhaps most related.) — Low and 

 small animals, of two species, one Chilian, the other Californian. — Less, Syn. 

 267 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 272 ; Remy in Gay, Fl. Chil. iv. t. 48 ; Benth. & 

 Hook. Gen. ii. 404. Apalus, DC. Prodr. v. 507. Coniothele, DC. 1. c. 531. 



B. Californicum, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. A spau or two high, at length diffusely branched, 

 glabrous or nearly so, with pedunculate heads terminating the branches : leaves alternate, 

 pinnately parted into narrowly linear usually entire lobes : heads a third to half inch in 

 diameter when ex]iauded : flowers pale yellow, with ligules 2 or 3 lines long, or the alternate 

 ones sometimes destitute of corolla : disk-flowers shorter than the involucre : style-branches 

 of fertile flowers broad. — Coniothele Californica, DC. Prodr. v. 531. — Moist ground, Upper 

 Sacramento to San Uiego, California: fl. summer; first coll. by Douglas. 



157. ACTINELLA, Pers., Nutt. (Changed from Actinea, from fkri's, 

 ray.) — Low herbaceous or rarely suffruticose i:)lants (all American) ; the herbage 

 usually impressed-punctate and often resinous-atomiferons, bitter-aromatic, gener- 

 erally Chamomile-scented ; leaves all alternate and narrow or with narrow lobes; 

 the heads of yellow flowers commonly slender-pedunculate. — Pers. Syn. ii. 469 

 (^Actinea, Juss. Aim. Mus. Par. ii. 425, t. 61, a S. American form, somewhat 

 approaching Helenium, but not to be combined with Cephalophora, which is a re- 

 duced rayless Helenium) ; Nutt. Gen. ii. 173, & Trans. Am, Phil. Soc. n. ser. 

 vii. 378 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 381 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 31, Hymenoxys, 

 Cass. Diet. Iv. 278 ; DC. Prodr. v. 661. Actinella, Hymenoxys, and a part of 

 Cephalophora, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 413—415. 



A. (Plateilema) Palmeei, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. 109, xix. 31, is an outlying species, 

 of Northern Mexico, remarkable for its few and broad and nearly herbaceous involucral bracts, 

 convex receptacle, and truncate laciniate palesB of the pappus. 



§ 1. Eu ACTINELLA. Involucre of numerous herbaceous or nearly membrana- 

 ceous (not rigid) nearly equal and similar bracts, distinct to the base : receptacle 

 obtusely conical or hemispherical : heads mostly solitary on long or scapiform 

 peduncles, rarely sessile in the cluster of leaves : raj-s inclined to persist and turn 

 pale : akenes silky-villous : pappus of 5 to 7 hyaline jjalese. — Gray, 1. c. 



* Winter annual or at most bienniid, caulescent, entiro-leaved : receptacle conical. 



A. linearifolia, Torr. & Gray. Slender, a span to a foot high, sometimes strict and nearly 

 simple, generally diffusely branched, villous-pubescent and glabrate : leaves linear or the 

 lowest somewhat spatulate: peduncles filiform, a span long: head 3 lines high: rays 4 lines 

 long: paleoc of the pappus ovate, abruptly acuminate-awned. — Fl. ii. 383. Hipnenoxijs 

 UnearifoUd, Hook. Ic. t. 146; DC. Prodr. vii. 243. — Texas and borders of Louisiana, in 

 sandy soil; first coll. by Drummond. (Adj. JIcx.) 

 * * Perennials, mostly with multicipital caudcx, commonly lanatc in the axils of the radical leaves. 



H— Leaves except in one form of the first rpccies quite entire, all on the crowns of the caudex, 

 which bear a simple scapiform peduncle (or none): receptacle obtusely or low conical: involucre 

 villous-lanatc : paleae of the pappus hyaline from broadly ovate to obloui;:, mostly traversed by 

 an indistinct costa. and usually produced at apes into an awn: well-formed heads 4 to 6 lines 

 hli^h, and rays as long. 



A, SCaposa, Nutt. In the typical form somewhat like the preceding in aspect, especially 

 when leafy along the base of the scape, loosely villous and glabrate, rather sparsely cKspitose, 

 the branches of the caudex being slender and often ascending : leaves linear to lanceolate or 

 some of the earlier ones spatulate, not rarely laciniate-lobed : scape a span to a foot high. — 

 Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 382. Ccphahpliora (Actinella) scaposa, 

 DC. Prodr. v. 663. Gaillardia Rmncriann, Scheele in Linn. xxii. 161. A. laniirjlnosa, 

 Buckley in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 459. — Rocky prairies, &c., Texas to New Mexico ; first 

 coll. by Berlandicr. (Adj. Mex.) 



