Hclenium. COMPOSITE. 349 



-J— -1— Paleffi of the pappus acuminate, mucronately cuspidate, or awned, the costa commonlv 



raauifest; heads with globose disk and semi- or sub-globose receptacle: herbage pubenilent. 

 H. Mexicanum, HBK. (//. rarium, Sclirader), by some said to be pareunia!, has palece of 

 tlie pa])pus from apiculate to aristellate-acuminate. To it may belong Coulter's no. 357 (speci- 

 men too incomplete), ticketed "California," but probably belonging to his Mexican collection. 

 H. puberulum, DC. Mostly tall, freely branching, and witL long monocephalou.s pe- 

 duncles : leaves lanceolate or the lower broader, all entire : heads about half-inch in diameter : 

 rays one, two, or sometimes three lines long, equalling or exceeding the small involucre, 

 rarely obsolete : ])alea2 of the pappus ovate, short-awned, not half the length of the corolla. — 

 Prodr. V. 667 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 385 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 393. //. puhesccns, Hook. & Arn. 

 Bot. Beech. 355, not Ait. IJ. Californlcum, Link. Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840^ //. decnrrcns, 

 Vatke', Ind. Sem. Berol. 1875. //. Mexicanum, Gray, Pacif. K. Rep. iv. 107, probably. 

 Ccphnlopltura decurrens, Less, in Linn. vi. 517; DC. Prodr. v. 663. — Moist or wet <jround, 

 California, common. 

 H. laciniatum, Gray. A foot or two high, more cinereous: leaves lanceolate or linear, 

 jiinnatitid-deutate or laciniate, or the upper entire : heads 4 or 5 lines in diameter : rays as 

 in the preceding : involucre commonly more conspicuous : jtaleiE of the pappus more than 

 half the length of the corolla. — Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203, & Bot. Calif. 1. c. — S. E. Cali- 

 fornia and adjacent Arizona, Coulter, &c. (Adj. Slex.) 



* * * Root perennial : rays sterile, either neutral or with abortive style and akene: ligules ecjual- 

 ling or exceeding the globular disk: receptacle ovate: leaves mostly narrowlj' decurrent on the 

 stem and branches: paleaj of the pappus aristate-acuminate, hardly half the length of the .disk- 

 corolla: heads on short slender peduncles. 



H. nudiflorum, Nutt. Somewhat puberulent, 1 to 3 ^et high, with leafy branches and 

 corymbosely disposed heads : leaves from narrowly lanceolate to oblong, entire, or tlie radi- 

 cal obovate or spatulate and dentate : rays half to three-fourths inch long, either pure yellow 

 or i)artly (sometimes wholly) brown-))urple, once or twice the length of the browni.sh or 

 purplish disk : receptacle ovate, in age acutish, but sometimes rounder and very obtuse. — 

 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203, excl. syn. //. parviflorum. H. nudiflonan & //. micrunt/ium., 

 Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 384. //. qnadridentatum.. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98. 

 H. atropurpnreum, Kuuth, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1845, 21, purple-rayed state. //. Seminaricnse, 

 Featherman in Louisiana Univ. Rep. 1871. Leptopoda brack i/poda, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 388 ; 

 Curtiss, distrib., a very slender and small-rayed form. — Low ground, N. Carolina and Illi- 

 nois to Arkansas and Texas ; and naturalized eastward. Hybridizes with //. autumnale. 



H. parviflorum, Nutt. 1. c. Glabrate or glabrous, much branched and with scattered 

 small heads : leaves broadly lanceolate, with contracted base, spai'ingly denticulate, very 

 narrowly decurrent ou the branches : disk and rays yellow, the former 3 or 4 lines in di- 

 ameter; the latter 3 to 5 lines long, styliferous : receptacle short-ovate. — Georgia, Nuttall 

 (a specimen named by him is ticketed Alabama) ; in a swamp near Macon, J^. DonneH Smith. 

 Seemingly quite distinct. Simple-stemmed and low specimens with larger heads, Delaware 

 Co., Penn., verge rather to //. autumnale. 



* * * * Root perennial: rays fertile and consjjicuous : stem or branches more or less winged 

 by the decurrent leaves: receptacle from half to two-thirds spherical: pappus with the paleae 

 acuminate-avistate, not rarely somewhat lacerate or with one or two setiforui teeth. 



H— Heads corymbose at summit of very leafy stem and branches; the disk globose: leaves mostly 

 serrate or denticulate: flowering late. 



H. autumnale, L. Nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent : stem narrowly winged, 2 to 6 

 feet high: leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong: heads about half-inch in diameter, usnally 

 equalled by the rays : pappus commonly half or two-thirds the length of disk-corolla. — 

 Spec. ii. 866 ; Lam. 111. t. 688 ; Schkuhr, Handb. t. 250 ; Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. t. 26 ; Hook. Bot. 

 Mag. t. 2994 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. //. lonfjifolium, Smith in Rees Cycl. //. pumilum, 

 Willd. Ennm. Snppl. 60, may be a common dwarf form. H. pubescens. Ait. Kcw. iii. 287. 

 H. canaliculalum, Lam. Jour. Hist. Nat. ii. 213, t. 35, & //. tubuliflorum, DC. Prodr. v. 666, a 

 state with tubulose ligules. H. altissimum & II. commutatum,lAi\\i, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840. 

 H. (jrandijiorum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 384, larger-flowered form. //. mmitanum, 

 Nutt. 1. c. — Wet ground, Canada to Georgia, Texas, and westward to Brit. Columbia and 

 Arizona; the var. grandiflorum, with rays three-fourths inch long, only in the northwest. 



