380 COMPOSITE. Raillardella. 



190. RAILLARDELLA, Gray. (Diminutive of Raillardia, an allied 

 Hawaian genus of shrubs.) — Perenuiul and mostly scapose herbs of the Sierra 

 Nevada, California, intermediate between the Senccionide<s and the Helenioidece. 

 Leaves entire, narrow ; cauline alternate or none : head solitary, with yellow 

 flowers ; in summer. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 550 (§ of Raillardia), & in Benth. 

 & Hook. Gen. ii. 442 ; Bot. Calif, i. 41 G. 



§ 1. Genuine species, vpith creeping rootstocks, producing rosulate clusters of 

 spatulate-lanceolate or narrower thickish leaves, and occasionally one or two 

 small ones near the base of the otherwise naked elongated simple scape, which 

 is terminated by the solitary (commonly inch long) head: pappus-bristles 15 to 

 20 or more, conspicuously short-plumose, white : no hirsute pubescence, but invo- 

 lucre and upper part of scape glandular. 



R. argentea, Gray, I.e. Ivootstocks extensively creeping, somewhat lignescent : leaves 

 silvery with a silky tomentuni, inch or two long : scape 2 to 4 inches high : head narrow, in 

 depauperate specimens 7-8-flowered, but usually about 15-flowered: no rays. — High Sierra 

 Nevada (9,000 to 11,000 feet) from the ISan Bernardino Mountains to Lassen, Breicer, 

 Greene, Lemmon, &c. 



R. SCaposa, Gray, 1. c. Somewhat jmbescent, but no tomentum, glabrate : leaves 1 to 4 

 inches long: scape 4 to 10 inches higli : involucre cyliudraceous, in depauj)erate plants 

 10-12-flowercd, in others 20-30-flowered : corollas light yellow. — Sierra Nevada above and 

 east of the Yosemite, at 8,000 to 9,000 feet; first coll. by Brewer and Bolander ; the latter 

 found some specimens with incipient rays, connecting with 



Var. Eiseni. A small form : heads with 3 or 4 deformed rays. — R. Eiseni, Kellogg 

 in lierb. Calif. Acad. — Mountains of King's River, Fresno Co., G. Etsen. 



R. Pringlei, Greene. Kootstock stout and branching : leaves glabrous and smooth, thick- 

 ish, some obscurely denticulate, 3 or 4 inches long, 3 or 4 lines wide: scape 10 to 18 inches 

 high: involucre campanulate, about 40-flowered, of correspondingly numerous and more 

 distinct bracts : flowers orange-yellow, G to 10 of them consj)icuously radiate : jiappus-bristles 

 rather fewer (15 to 18) and rather less plumose than in the foregoing. — Bull. Torr. Club, ix. 

 17. — High mountains of N. California, west of Mount Shasta, Pringle. 



§ 2. Anomalous species, hirsute, leafy -stemmed, perhaps some of the central 

 flowers infertile. 



R. Muirii, Gray. About a foot high, roughish-hirsute, leafy below, sparsely so and bearing 

 stijiitate glands toward the summit : leaves iucii long, lanceolate-linear, acute, closely sessile ; 

 radical ones unknown : heads terminal and one or two lateral, half-inch high, wholly dis- 

 coid : involucre campanulate, hirsute, its narrow bracts distinct to the base : akenes oblong 

 with tapering base : pappus of 11 or 12 somewhat more aristiform and rather less plumose 

 bristles than in preceding species. — Bot. Calif, ii. 618. — In the Sierra Nevada, probably 

 southward, but station unknown, Muir. Too little known. 



191. Arnica, L. (Thought to be a corruption of Plarmica.) — Peren- 

 nial herbs, of the northern temperate and arctic zones ; with erect stems, either 

 quite simple or branching above, opposite leaves (or upper occasionally alternate), 

 and comparatively large long-pedunculate heads of j'ellow flowers ; the riiys 

 usually elongated, rarely wanting. Anthers yellow except in the last species. 

 Fl. summer. — Ga-rtn. Fr. t. 173; Schkuhr, Handb. t. 248; Torr. & Gray, Fi. 

 ii. 449. 



* Radical leaves roundish and sessile in an ample rosulate cluster. Atlantic U. S. 



A. nudicaulis, Nutt. Hirsute: stem robust, 1 to 3 feet high, simple and bearing few 

 heads, or loosely ]ianiculate with many : leaves denticulate or nearly entire ; radical 2 to 5 

 inches long; cauline only one or two remote pairs up to the inflorescence, small, oval, closely 

 sessile: rays half-inch long. — Gen. ii. 164; Ell. Sk. ii. 333; DC. Prodr. vi. 318; Torr. & 



f 



