400 COMPOSITE. Cnicus. 



when young or glabrate : corolla-lobes narrowly linear, apicnlate : larger pappus bristles 

 clavcllato. — Mel. Biol. ix. 310. Cirsium KaiiUschutlcum, J^etleb. in DC. Prodr. vi. 644, & 

 Fl. lloss. ii. 736. — Atkba, one of the Aleutian Islands, Lieut. Turner. Said to be " 7 feet 

 high": corollas whitish: anther-tips slender, as in pi. Kamts., and longer than iu var.? 

 Grai/anus, Maxim., of Japan. ( Kanitschatka to Japan.) 



++ ++ -H- Proper bracts of the involucre not at all prickly, but the lari;e (2 inches high) heads 

 conspicuously and numerously bracteose-leafy at base. Atlantic species. 



C. horridulus, Puiisii. Arachnoid when young, glabrate with age, 1 to 3 feet high, the 

 larger plants branching and bearing several heads : leaves elongated-lanceolate, not decur- 

 rent, pinnatiful, strongly prickly : head about 2 inches high, surrounded by a Avhorl of 8 to 

 30 linear or lanceolate numerously and sti-ongly prickly leaves, wliich usually equal in length 

 the involucre of gradually attenuate weak-jiointed minutely scabrous bracts : flowers pale 

 yellow, rarely purple (var. ElUoaii, Torr. & Gray). — Fl. ii. 507; Ell. Sk. ii. 272; Gray, 

 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 40. C. spinosissimus, Darlingt. Fl. Cest. ed. 2, 438. Cirsium horridulum, 

 Michx. Fl. ii. 90; DC. Prodr. vi. 651. C. mcrjacanthum, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 

 421, large form. Carduiis spinosissimus, Walt. Car. C. horridulus, Pers. Syn. ii. 390. — 

 Sandy or gravelly soil, New England, near the coast, to Florida and Texas. 



* * * Bracts of the involucre moderately unequal or the lower not rarely about equalling the 

 upper, more rigid and imbricated at base, but most of them with more or loss herbaceous spi- 

 nescen'-tippcd spreading upper portion, and no glandular dorsal ridge. Rocky Mountain and 

 Pacilic species. 



-1— Heads (only inch high) few or several and sessile in a terminal cluster: stem leafy to the top. 

 C. Eatoni, Gkay. A foot or so high, mostly simple, loosely arachnoid-woolly or glabrate: 

 leaves pinnatifid or pinnately parted into short lobes, mostly very prickly, either green and 

 glabrate or remaining whitish-woolly beneath : involucre rather narrow, from arachnoid- 

 ciliate to glabrate or apparently glabrous ; its principal bracts erect, with broadish apprcssed 

 base, abruptly attenuate into the subulate-accrose slightly herbaceous spinescent portion, 

 outermost little shorter than the inner : corolla whitish, its lobes considerabl}" sliorter thau 

 the throat. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 56. Cirsium eriocephalum, var. leioccphalitm, C. fo/ionim, 

 & C. Drnmmondi in part, Eaton in Bot. King Exp. 195, 196. — Mountains of Utah (Uintah 

 and W.ahsatch) and of Color.ado, from 8,000 to 11,000 feet, also in Humboldt Mountains, 

 Nevada, Watson, Jones, Hall. & Harbour, &c. 



+- H— Heads solitary terminating the stem or branches (involucre usually long-woolly when 3'oung, 

 but sometimes glabrate), hemispherical, 



■H- Middle-sized: flowers white or pale purple: anther-tips deltoid. 



Q^ Andrewsii Ghay. Probably tall, branching ; tlie loose wool deciduous except from the 

 heads : stem strongly striate : upper leaves lacinnite-pinnatifid and witli narrowly lanceolate 

 prickly lobes : bracts of the involucre witli coriaceous oblong-ovate base, greenisli at sliort 

 upper part, where it is abruj)tly contracted into an aristiform sj)inescent appendage ■. corollas 

 apparently whitish; the lobes fully twice tlie length of the tbro;it. — Pi'oc. Am. xVcad. .x. 45, 

 & l>ot. Calif, i. 420. — W. California, Andrews, station unknown. 



C. Californicus, Gkay, 1. c. Tall and In-anching, witli wliite wool more or less deciduous : 

 leaves from sinuatcly to deeply pinnatifid, moderately prickly : principal bracts of the invo- 

 lucre with somewhat foliaceous and subulate spinescent summit, sometimes very ('onspicuous, 

 sometimes smaller and attenuate more directly into the prickle : corollas cream-color, white, 

 or rarely purple ; lobes shorter than the throat. — Cirsium Califormcum, Gray, Pacif. K. Rep. 

 iv. 112. — California, from the Stanislaus (where first coll. by Bigcloic) to San Diego and 

 San Bernardino and adjacent Arizona. A variety of forms liere assembled, some with 

 larger heads and more leafy -bracted involucre passing to the next. 



++ ++ Large heads, the larger fully 2 inches high and broad : slender corolla-lobes considerably 

 longer than the throat: herbage and commonly squarrose involucre copiously wlute-woolly, 

 sometimes glabrate in age: anther-tips narrow and acuminate. 



C Neo-Mexicanus, Gray, 1. c. Stout, 2 to 4 feet high : spinescent rigid tips to the 

 principal involucral bracts half to nearly full inch long : corollas from wliite to pale purple : 

 node on the style generally manifest and obscurely bearded : otherwise as the next, into 

 which it seems to pass. — Cirsium Neo-Mexicanum, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 101. C. canescms. 



