432 COMPOSIT.E. ' Crcfis. 



small heads : leaves elongated, slender-petioled, oblong-lanceolate in outline, laciniate-pin- 

 natifid, tapering to both ends, the apex nsually into a lanceolate or linear tail like prolongji- 

 • tiou (of 2 or 3 inclies in length) ; the lobes also mostly linear-lanceolate, rarely short: invo- 

 lucre narrow-cyliudraceous, a third to half inch long, rarely over 6-flowered, theinfloresceuce 

 smooth and glabrous : the few calyculate bractlets minute and often tomentulose : akenes 

 at maturity fusiform, considerably longer than the pappus, liglitly striate-costate, moderately 

 attenuate at summit. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 489 ; Torr. in Stansbury Rep. 392, t. viii. (akene 

 too rostrate) ; Eatou, Bot. King Exp. 204, hardly of Gray, Bot. Calif. — Dry ground, Mon- 

 tana and Wyoming to E. Oregon, soutliward to Utali and mountains of S. E. California; 

 first coll. by Nutlall. 

 C. intermedia. Habit and foliage of the preceding, or less tall, more cinereous-]>uberulent, 

 usually M'itli fewer heads : involucre half-incli or more long, canescently ])uberulent ; its bracts 

 in age more carinate by thickened midrib, tlie calyculate ones less minute: alvcnes aciitely 

 10-costate at maturity, oblong-fusiform, slightly attenuate upward, longer than or equalling 

 the pappus. — C acuminata, G raj', Bot. Calif. 1. c, partly. Rocky Mountains in Colorado 

 to the Sierra Nevada, California, and north to the interior of Wasliington Terr, aud borders 

 of British Columbia. Appears to pass both into preceding and following. 



Var. gracilis. A very slender form, with rhachis aud apical prolongation as well as 

 lolies of the leaves attenuate-linear. — C. occidenialis, \av. gracilis, Eaton, Bot. King E.xp. 

 203, mainly. 



Var. pleurocarpa. Leaves runcinately dentate, or subpiuuatifid, or some entire, not 

 prolonged at apex : akenes merely oblong, hai'dly narrowed upward, sliorter than the pappus, 

 very salieutly 10-costate. — Mountains about headwaters of the Sacramento, N. California, 

 Pringle, coll. 1881, taken as a well-marked species : but the coll. 1882, distributed as " C. pleu- 

 rocarpa, Gray," accords both as to leaves and akenes with C intermedia. 



= = Principal bracts of involucre 9 to 24 and flowers 10 to 30: pappus exceedingly copious and 

 pluriserial, rather harsher. 



C. OCCideiltalis, Nutt. Often hirsute as well as cancscent, rather robust, a span to a foot 

 or so high, commonly leafy-stemmed and branching: leaves oblong-lanceolate or broader 

 in outline, variously laciniate-pinnatifid or incised, apex seldom much prolonged : heads few 

 or several, mostly on stout peduncles: involucre half to two-thirds inch high, oblong-cylin- 

 draceous to campaimlate, canescent : akenes (4 or 5 Hues long, longer than the pappus) 

 usually with tapering summit and acute ribs. — Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 29 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. 488 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 435. Psilochenia occidentalis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 

 — Plains of Nebraska and Wyoming to Washington Terr., aud south to the mountains of 

 Colorado and California. Vai-ies widely, as into 



Var. COStata, Gkay, Bot. Calif. 1. c. Low and stouter form, with broader heads, and 

 no hirsute pubescence : involucre oblong, of 10 to 14 bracts: akenes tliicker, oblong, some- 

 times hai'dly at all narrowed at summit and more salientlj' costate. — Utah, on Stansbury 

 Island, Watson. 



Var. Nevadensis, Ket.logg. Stout, a span or two high, hirsute as well as canes- 

 cent, or canescent oidy : leaves br'oad, disposed to be laciniately bipinnatifid : heads solitary 

 or few, on stout peduncles: involucre cam])anulate ; its principal bracts 16 to 20: akenes 

 gradually narrowed to summit. — C. occidental is, \iir. Nevadensis & var. subacaulis, Kellogg, 

 Proc. Calif. Acad. v. 50. Var. costata in part, & var. Nevadensis, Gray, Bot. C'alif. 1. c. — 

 High Sierra Nevada, California, Kellogi/, Le.mmon, &c. 



Var. crinita, Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. c. Stout, a span to a foot high, barbately and 

 above somewhat viscidly hirsute even to the involucre; this from broadly campanulate to 

 oblong, 20-30-flowered : akenes (as far as seen) oblong, strongly co.state, obscurely narrowed 

 at summit. — Sierra Nevada from Sierra Co., Lemmon, Mrs. Ames, to Siskiyou Co., Greene. 

 Also collected hy the Wilkes Expedition, in Washington Territory, or perhaps rather N. 

 California. 



228. PRENANTHES, Vaill. (Uprjvys, drooping, avOr], blossom.) — 

 Perennial herbs, the original a European species, with loosely paniculate heads, 

 few-nerved akenes, and soft bright white pappus. But the American species all 

 belong to the following well-marked subgenus, 



