Frenanihes. COMPOSITE. 43 a 



§ 1. NXbalus, Endl., with more contracted inflorescence, dull-colored flowers, 

 more nerved akenes (only in the lust species tapering at summit), and stilfer 

 sordid pappus. (jJ^orth American & North Asiatic.) — Nabalus, Cass. Diet, xliii. 

 281 ; Hook. Fl. i. 293 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 480. Harpalyce, Don, in Edinb. 

 Phil. Jour. vi. oO-"), not DC. Fl. late suuuner and autumn. 



* Heads 20-.35-flowered, comparatively broad, corymbosely paniculate: loaves mostly Miiig- 

 petioled. 



P. crepidinea, IMichx. Minutely pubescent or partly glabrous : stem stout, 5 to 9 feet liigii, 

 brauching above, leafy up to the sliort branches of intloresceuce : leaves anii)le, ovate-deltoid, 

 or radical hastate aud uppermost oblong, acutely or laciuiately dentate : involucre half to 

 two-thirds inch long, obloug-campauulate, sparsely hirsute : flowers ochroleucous : akenes 

 finely 12-15-costate, four or live of the ribs stronger: pappus sordid. — Fl. ii. 84. Harpahjce 

 crcpidina, Don ex Steud. Ndhaliis crepidineus, DC. Prodr. vii. 241 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 483. 

 — Kich soil, Peun. aud western borders of New York to Illinois and Kentucky; first coll. by 

 Michaux, 



* * Heads 8-15-flowered, narrow, crowded or sometimes scattered in an elonjjated racemiform or 

 thyrsoid-virgate inflorescence which terminates the simple (1 to 5 feet high) stem : cauliiie 

 leaves sessile; radical and lower tapering into winged petioles, not cordate or deltoid ; all simply 

 pinnately veined : root usually fusiform-thickened or tuberous, simple or palmatel}' branched. 



■i— Thyrsus hirsiite or pubescent: heads little or not at all drooping, on pedicels much shorter than 

 the involucre, 12-14-flowered: akenes at maturity about 15-nerved, somewhat angled bj- four or 

 five of the nerves being stronger: stems leafy up to the strict thyrsus: leaves ordinarily onlj' 

 denticulate, lower spatulate-oblong to obovate. 



P. aspera, Micnx. I.e. ]\Iinutely scabrous-pubescent or below puberulent: upper leave.s 

 lanceolate, not clasping : thyrsus a foot or two long : involucre rough ish-hirsute : flowers 

 yellowish cream-color. — P. Illinoensis, Pers. Syn. ii. .306; Pursh, PL ii. 500. Clumdrilla 

 lllinoens'is, Poir. Supid. ii. 331. Ncdxilus IlUnocnsix, DC. Prodr. vii. 242. N. asper, Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. — Prairies and barrens, Oliio and Kentucky to Iowa anil Louisiana; first coll. by 

 3ficliaux. 



P. racemosa, Micux. 1. c. Leaves and stem glabrous aud glaucous: upper cauline leaves 

 lanceolate to ovate, partly clas])ing, the broader ones by cordate or auriculate base: thyrsus 

 a span to 2 feet long: involucre rather loosely hirsute: flowers purplisJi. — Harpahjce race- 

 mosa, Don ex Steud. ; Beck, Eot. 168. Nnhalus racemosus, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — 

 Moist or low ground, N. Maine and Canada, also New Jerscj', to Saskatchewan and the 

 Rocky Mountains, south to Colorado ; first coll. by Michaux. 



Var. pinnatifida. Large: leaves all lyratcly or laciuiately pinnatifid. — N. race- 

 mosus, var., Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Ilackcnsack Marshes, New Jersey, Camj. 



-)— -f— Thyrsus and whole plant smooth and glabrous : heads pendulous and more pedicellate, in a 

 looser racemiform thyrsus, 8-12-Uowcred: akenes about 5-ncrved or angled, the intermediate 

 nerves obscure. 



P. Mainensis. About two feet high, leafy up to and into tlie panicle : leaves nearly those 

 of P. racemosa, but thinner and less glaucous; the radical ovate, commonly with al)rupt or 

 rounded base; upper subtending clusters of the interrupted narrow thyrsus : heads all drooj-i- 

 ing both before and after anthesis, resembling those of the following species. — Shore of tlie 

 St. John's Piiver, at St. Francis, N. Maine, Primjle. Growing with or near P. racemosa. 

 And a looser form of the latter, " very common on the St. Jolm's Iliver," Goodale, is some- 

 what between the two ; so that this may be a hybrid of P. racemosa with P. serpcntaria. 



P. virgata, Micnx. 1. c. Claucescent, very .smooth, 2 to 4 feet high, very strict: radical 

 and lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply sinuato-pinnatifitl or pinnately p.artcd, and divi.;- 

 ions sometimes lobed or few-toothed ; upper not clasping, decreasing to lincar-lanccolato 

 and entire, and to small subulate bracts of the naked and slender (1 or 2 feet long) race- 

 miform inflorescence : flowers whitish or ])ale flesh-color : pappus sordid-stramineous. — 

 Willd. Spec. iii. 1533; Pursh, 1. c. ; Kll. Sk. ii. 258. P. autumna/is, &c., Cronov. Fl. Virg. ; 

 Walt. Car. 193. P. simplex, Pursli, 1. c. //tirpali/ce virgat.a; Don ex Steud.; Peck, 1. c. 

 Nabalas virrjatiis, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Moist ground in pine barrens. New Jersey 

 . to Florida, in the low country. 



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