440 . COMPOSIT.E. Troximon. 



Var. Kymapleiira, Greene, 1. c. Outermost and sometimes all of the akenes thicker 

 and blunter or truncatc'ly obtuse by the development of the ribs into wings, which become 

 sinuously undulate, covering the whole surface. — M. {Kijmapleura) hcterophijllus, Nutt. 1. c., 

 changed in corrig. to Kymapleura heterophi/lla. — Common in California, with other forms. 



Var. Cryptopleura, Greene, 1. c. Some marginal akenes becoming utricular 

 and. lightlv nerved, enlarging to almost a line in diameter. — Cryptopleura Culi/ornica, Nutt. 

 1. c. — With other forms, less common. 



231. TARAXACUM, Ilaller. Dandelion, ?'. «. Dent be Lion. (Ta- 



pdcra-o), to stir up, alluding to medicinal virtues.) — Perennials, of the northern 

 hemisphere, sending up in spring, from a rosulate cluster of runcinate-pinnatifid or 

 lyrate radical leaves, naked fistulous scapes, which elongate with and after antliesis 

 of the showy head of yellow flowers : involucre reflexed at maturity of tlie fruit, 

 which, with the expanded pappus, raised on the elongated beak, is displayed in a 

 globose body. The common and only JS^orth American, but very polymorphous 

 species, is the following. 



T. officinale, Weber. Root vertical : leiwes from spatulate-oblong to lanceolate, from 

 irregularly dentate to runcinate-pinnatifid : akenes oblong-obovate or narrower, squamulose or 

 spinellose-muricate toward the summit, abruptly contracted into a conical or pyramidal apex, 

 wliicdi is jH'olongetl into a filiform beak of twice or thrice the lengtli of the akene. In the 

 ordinary form of the fields tlie iuvolucral bracts are obscurely or not at all corniculate, and 

 the calyculate bracts are linear, elongated, and recurved ; leaves usually lobed. — Weber (not 

 Wiggers) Prim. PI. Ilolst. 5G; Vill. Dauplu; Koch, Fl. Germ., &c. T. Dens-leonis, Desf. 

 Fl. Atl. ii. 228 ; f)C'. I'rodr. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 494. Leontodon Taraxacum, L. L. offici- 

 nalis, Witlieriug. L. vu/gare, Lam. — Couunou everywhere in fields and yards, an intro- 

 duction from Europe: perhaps nowhere here indigenous, but it comes even from Modoc 

 Co., California. (Eu., Asia, &c.) 



Var. alpin^im, Kocii. Guter involucral bracts ovate to broadly lanceolate, spread- 

 ing, none conspicuously corniculate. — Leontodon a!])inus, Ilojipe. Taraxacum latilohuiii, DC. 

 Prodr. vii. 494 '? — Labrador to Brit. Columbia, and soi^thward along higlier mountains to 

 Colorado, Utali, and California. 



Var. glaucescens, Kocu. Outer involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, loosely 

 erect or spreading, inner ones and sometimes outer with a corniculate appendage below the 

 tip : leaves generally glaucescent. — 2\ corniculatum and T. ceratophorum, DC. 1. c. Leontodon 

 ceratojihornin, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Alt. t. 34. — Unalaska, &c. (Adj. Asia, Greenland.) 



Var. lividum, Keen. Outer involucral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, all apt to be 

 dark-colored in drying, obscurely or not at all corniculate: leaves from denticulate to runci- 

 nate-dentate, sometimes pinnatifid. — T. pcdustrc, DC, &c. T. lanceolatum,Vo\v. T. mon- 

 tanum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 430, not Meyer «fc DC. Leontodon licidiis, Walds. & 

 Kit. — Rocky Mountains, south to New jMexico, north to Arctic coast and islaud.s, and tiie 

 Aleutian Islands, in various forms. (N. Asia, Eu., Greenland.) 



Var. SCOpulorum. Minute : leaves and scape an inch or less long : head 3 or in fruit 

 even .5 lines high, narrow, few-flowered : outer involucral bracts lanceolate, rather loose; 

 inner somewliat corniculate. — T. Uevigatuin, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 18G3, 70. — lliglicst 

 alpine region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, Hall & Harbour, Drundajr.e. 

 T. I'liYJiATOCAUPUM, J. Vahl in Fl. Dan. t. 2297, of Greenland, is near var. liridam, but 

 the akene is broad and its beak shorter. 



232, PYRRHOPAPPUS, DC. (Iln/'po?, flame-colored, TraTTTros, pappus.) 

 — Atlantic N. American and adjacent Mexican herbs ; with leafy or son^etimes 

 scapiform stems, undivided or pinnatifid leaves, and rather large slender-peduncu- 

 late heads of golden yellow flowers, produced in late spring and summer. Prin- 

 cipal bracts of the involucre always more or less corniculate behind the tip, in 

 the manner of certain forms of Dandelion. — Prodr. vii. 144 (excl. S.African 

 sp.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 4!)o ; Bcnth. & Hook. Gen. ii. ;j23. 



