VIRGINIA CARTOGRAPHY. 1 3 



"On the map itself we find again the inscription: ' Auctore 

 Joanne With. Sculptore Joanne de Bry.' (The author of this 

 map was John With, the engraver, John De Bry.) 



" De Bry gives us no further information about the history and 

 the author of the map except that he procured (bought?) it in 

 England. The question is, who this ' John With ' was who is 

 named as the author of this interesting document — the oldest 

 map of Carolina? I think he cannot be any other man but the 

 Captain John White. Camus thinks that he was a ' painter ' 

 sent over to Virginia with one of the captains, and says that he 

 is called somewhere ' pictor.' He does not, however, give his 

 authority for this. In De Bry there is nothing about it. That De 

 Bry makes him to be as well the author of the Indian portraits 

 and views is no proof of his being a painter. Those fanciful 

 portraits and views were probably all invented by De Bry him- 

 self, and were never made after nature, neither by a painter nor 

 by Captain John White or With. 



" To make our pretensions more plausible we must at first 

 state that there is some confusion in De Bry as well in writing 

 the name of his map-maker as in the dates of his voyage. 



" He writes the name of the map-maker once ' Whit ' and once 

 * With.' Captain John White writes his name always ' White.' 

 When De Bry was, as it is shown, uncertain about the spelling 

 of this name, then we may assume that none of his two spellings 

 was right, and that the name ought to be ' White.' 



" His dates are also partly wrong. He says that * John With ' 

 was sent out to Virginia in 1585 and 1588. In the expedition of 

 1585, under Sir Richard Greenville, no 'painter John With' is 

 mentioned; but our Captain 'John White' is mentioned. That 

 in the year 1588 a 'painter John With' should go out to Vir- 

 ginia is very improbable, because we do not know of any Vir- 

 ginian expedition of that year in which the poor suffering 

 ' second colony ' was left quite alone there. De Bry thought 

 probably of ' Captain John White's ' expedition of the year 1587. 

 We find also on the list of the settlers in the second colony no 

 ' John With ' mentioned, only ' Jolin White,' the Captain and 

 Governor of the Colony. 



" From all this I conclude that ' John With.' which De Bry 

 puts down as the author of the map, is nobody else than the 



