8 THE VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



able to learn also what functional and especially what psychologi- 

 cal characteristics are united to the cerebral forms which are 

 revealed by cranial forms. All that is obscure for us, and also 

 unexplored, because unsuspected; for in place of that, and in an 

 inexact manner, the volume has been taken into account and 

 therefore the weight of the brain, as being the only means of mak- 

 ing an anthropological diagnosis of its functional value, the 

 volume and weight corresponding to the capacity of the cranium. 



But besides the cranium commonly called cerebral, there is the 

 face, which, from the morphologic point of view, is not less impor- 

 tant. The face has generally given more positive means for dis- 

 tinguishing human groups, not only on account of the coloring 

 of the skin, but on account of the form and disposition of its parts, 

 of the nose, of the cheeks, of the molar teeth, and on account of 

 other characteristics which, when considered together, disclose 

 differences not immediately revealed by the cerebral cranium. 



The other parts of the skeleton also have differences more or 

 less profound in the different ethnic groups, the stature, the length 

 of the extremities, both absolutely and relatively to the stature 

 and to the trunk; the thoracic form; and so on. But such differ- 

 ences seem little characteristic compared to those presented by the 

 cranium and the face; until now, moreover, they have had but 

 slight value, as should have those characteristics of classification 

 which are merely secondary. 



We are ignorant what may have been the primitive type or the 

 primitive human types, considered in all their internal and external 

 characteristics; that is, what skeletal forms certain ethnic groups 

 of differently colored skin possessed; or, on the other hand, what 

 color of skin and hair belonged to certain skeletal forms. That 

 difficulty is caused by a fact easy to understand, by the mingling 

 of different types among each other, and by the hybrid forms 

 from which man is derived. It is true, however, that certain 

 hybrid results seem to be limited to certain regions and to a few 

 human groups; and that, on account of this, the elements which 

 have furnished such products may be learned up to a certain 

 point; but in the beginning, at least, it will be necessary to learn 

 the structures of the parts from which hybrids are derived. 



It is impossible not to admit human hybridism, since it is 

 demonstrated clearly by all anthropologists; in this direction. 



