10 THE VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



we should be able to derive a hybrid product constant and fixed, 

 as among animals and plants; but a third element, either pure or 

 mixed, arrives in the second or third generation of man, and so on 

 indefinitely. Thus it is easy to understand how unstable must be 

 the characteristics of the hybrid, for they can scarcely survive in 

 one individual for a generation. The hybrids which follow may 

 have characteristics of different types, with the tendency each 

 time to have these reappear by heredity, although not blended and 

 not fixed in the individual. 



To this should be added another fact, that of individual variation, 

 which is present in man, as in other animals, increased by his con- 

 stant interminglings, which may be considered stimulants of this 

 phenomenon, as has been suggested by Darwin and Wallace. 



Hence, I conclude from my observations, that human hybridism 

 is a syncretism of characteristics belonging to many varieties, and 

 that these do not modify the skeletal forms as do individual varia- 

 tions, and that hybridism may afifect different parts of the skeleton, 

 constituting characteristics in themselves distinct. The stature, 

 the thoracic form, the proportion of the long bones, may be united 

 with external characteristics differing from each other, as well as 

 from different cranial structures. The cranial form may be asso- 

 ciated with different facial forms, and inversely. It happens, how- 

 ever, that the structures taken separately remain in part unvaried 

 in the hybrid constitution. The face preserves its own character- 

 istics in spite of the union of different cranial forms; so also the 

 cranium preserves its structures, associating them with different 

 facial forms. The stature preserves its own proportions in spite 

 of its association with different cranial and facial types, and in 

 spite of the different coloration of the skin and the form and color 

 of the hair. All this may be affirmed, particularly of much larger 

 human groups which, according to external characteristics, may 

 be considered much nearer than they really are in geographical 

 position, as the so-called white races in Europe, the negroes in 

 Africa, in Melanesia, and so on. 



Now, granting that all peoples exhibit the characteristics of 

 hybridism in the manner just described, it will be necessary to 

 learn how races, groups and human families may be classified. 

 Let us observe for a moment the classification by means of exter- 

 nal characteristics, most common among anthropologists from 

 Linnaeus to Quatrefages and Flower, and we shall see: 



