24 THE VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



the females. According to these figures there would be an 

 increase of the cranial capacity of the modern over the ancient 

 males, but a decrease in the females. The reverse would be true 

 of the Eg3'pto-Nubian cranium, which is 1335 in the modern 

 males and 1205.8 in the females. Broca found that the Egyptians 

 of the IV. Dynasty had, males 1534, females 1397 cc; those of the 

 XL, males 1443, females 1328; and, finally, those of the XXIIL, 

 the most recent, males 1464, females 1322. There would be in 

 such a case no increase, but decrease, but that is not possible; the 

 cause of these facts lies in the mixtures of races at different times 

 and in different proportions." 



Now I conclude from my recent studies upon the Egyptians of 

 different dynasties, from the most ancient to the present, that 

 according to my method of classification there are capacities of 

 1260 cc, of 1390, of 1480, of 1550, of 1710, and still other capa- 

 cities differing according to the varieties determined.^ As is 

 easily understood, a general average necessarily alters the facts, 

 according to the number of varieties which enter as components 

 of the average in the different series in anthropological museums; 

 hence the curious results above indicated. 



Another important point is as follows: 



" But the fact which surprises us is the high figure of the capa- 

 city given by prehistoric crania. The masculine crania of Lozere 

 have given 1606 cc, the feminine 1507; also of Lozere, masculine 

 1578, feminine 1473; crania from the pietra levigata, masculine 

 1 53 1, feminine 1320; the contemporaneous Parisians, masculine 

 1559, feminine 1337. The approximate average of crania from 

 the pietra levigata is 1 560, equal to that of modem Europeans, as 

 is related by Topinard."^ 



In another of my recent works I have demonstrated that of the 

 crania of the neolithic age^ the hobathyplatycephalus has a capa- 

 city from 1230 to 1405 in the feminine, and the Eiicainpylos varies 

 from 1470 to 1564 in the masculine. The two varieties, still per- 

 sistent in Sicily, do not vary in capacity in the modern series, and 

 at the same time show that in the neolithic epochs, as among 



' Concerning the Primitive Inhabitants of the Mediterranean, Archives of 

 Anthropology, Florence, 1892, Vol. XXII. 



^ See Human Evohetion. 



' Crania of the Neolithic Age, Boll. Paletnol. Italiana, Parma, 1892. 



