THE VARIE TIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



49 



primary character which places it in a given variety. An ellip- 

 soid, regarded vertically, may have different normae laterales, at 

 the same time remaining an ellipsoid ; it may also have other char- 

 acteristics, visible from the norma occipitalis, which make it vary 

 from another cranium, also ellipsoid, with a different norma occi- 

 pitalis. There may also be variation in the same norma which 

 gives the fundamental form; for example, the ellipsoid (Fig. 38) 

 is shorter and relatively wider than the one beside it (Fig. 37), 



Fig. 37.— Dolichellipsoides. 



Fig. 38.— Brachyellipsoides. 



which is therefore a " dolichellipsoid," while those wide and short, 

 like Fig. 38, we may call *' brachyellipsoids." Such variations of 

 elliptical forms correspond to the structure of the cranium, and 

 therefore constitute subvarieties. 



Following the order above carried out in the varieties, I com- 

 mence with the ellipsoid. 



I. Ellipsoides. 



1st. Ellips. depressus. 



This is visible from the norma lateralis and also from the norma 

 anterior (Fig. 39). Cranium low from the vertex to the occipital 

 base, as if crushed in every direction from the frontal and lateral 

 sides, and therefore with a narrow, retreating forehead, of curved 



