22 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 



HARDTMUTH, F, 1878. 



Ann. Chem. 192, 142-146 ; J. Chem. Soc. 34, 782 ; Ber. 11, 1245 ; 

 Jsb. Chem. 1878. 726. 



a_^_Dimethyl=acetosuccinic Ester and Symmetrical Dimethyl- 



succinic Acid. 



^(5-Methyl-acetosiiccinic ester CH3 



CO CH3 



CH CH 



CO2 R CO2 R is treated with sodium 

 and then with methyl iodid and thus a-/9-dimethyl-acetosuccinic ester 

 CH3 



CO CH3 



C (CH3)— CH 



CO2 R CO2 R was produced. It boils at 270° to 272° and its specific 

 gravity is i 057 at 27.° When saponified it gives symmetrical dimethyl 

 succinic acid. CH3 CH3 



CH^ CH 



CO2 H CO2 H. 



HUQGENBERQ, CARL, 1878. 



Ann. Chem. 192, 146-152; J. Chem. Soc. 34» 782; Ber. 11, 1246; 



Jsb. Chem. 1878, 725. 



«-Ethyl=aceto=succinic Ester and Ethyl=succinic Acid. 



When sodacetosuccinic ester is treated with ethyl iodid «-ethvl- 

 acetosuccinic ester CH, 



CO 



CCC^H,)— CH2 



CO2 R CO2 R results. It boils at 263° to 265° 



and sodium will not act upon it. When this is saponified ethyl- 

 succinic acid is produced which melts at 98.° The barium, calcium and 

 silver salts and ethvl ester of this acid were described. 



I 



