1 8 REVIEW AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 



the condition in which that carbon exists ; but the carbides of iron, as 

 such, — as definite chemical compounds, have not been so widely written 

 upon. The point of view from which the subject is often studied seems 

 so different from the view in which the other carbides are here considered, 

 that we do not feel justified in going into the literature exhaustively from 

 all standpoints, yet the references given below cover a broad consideration 

 of the subject. 



A great many compounds of Fe and C have been mentioned by differ- 

 ent chemists, but the existence of some of them is doubtful. Some of 

 these are Feg^C, FcgC, Fe4C, FcgC, FcaCg, and FcgC, beside some com- 

 pounds of three or more elements, such as Fe7(CrMo)8C4, Fe7(CrW)sC4 

 and CrjFejCs, and CrsFeCg. 



Fe4C is a dark-gray, fusible crystalline substance, formed directly from 

 Fe and C at a high temperature. The formula Fe24C has been given to 

 high carbon steel. 



FcgC occurs in all kinds of malleable iron, and remains behind after 

 treating the iron with a io% H2SO4 solution, the operation being con- 

 ducted with the air excluded. That the subject of carbon in iron has 

 been long studied will be seen from the following references. Many of 

 these are of little value to those studying the chemistry of steel, etc., and 

 having the advantages of access to the modern reports upon the subject. 

 We arbitrarily divide the literature into the old and the recent. 



LITERATURE (OLD). 



GuYTON. Versuche mittelst des Diamanten das geschmeidige Eisen in Guss-stahl zu 



verwandeln. (Gilb.) Ann. der Phys. (1800) 3, p. 65. 

 Faraday and Stodart. Versuche iiber die Legirungen des Stahls. (Gilb.) Ann. der 



Phys. (1820) 66, p. 183. 

 Berthier. Ann. Mines (1833), III, p. 229. 



Berzelius. Lehrbuch der Chemie (1836), III, p. 450, and (1844), II, p. 732. 

 Brown. J. prakt. Chem. (1839) 17, p. 492. 



Karsten. [Fe4C] Ueber die Carburets des Eisens. J. prakt. Chem. (1847) 4°, P- 229. 

 Rammelsberg. [FeC2] Ueber das Verhalten der Cyanmetalle in der Hitze. Chem. 



Centrbl. (1847) p. 59. 

 Marguerite. Carburation du fer par contact ou cementation. C. R. 59, p. 139. 

 Gmelin. (Watt's trans., 1849) Handbook of Chemistry, V, p. 202. 

 Valerius. [FeC2 and FegCs] Fabrication de la fonte et du fer (1851), I, p. 41. 

 GuRLT. [FegC] Polyt. Centrbl. (1856) p. 366, or Chem. Centrbl. (1856) p. 273, or 



Jsb. Chem. (1856) p. 781, Chem. Gaz. (1856) p. 230. 

 Tunner. Polyt. Centrbl. (1861) p. 1227. 

 Arnold. [Fe24C] Bull. Soc. d'Enc. Ind. Nat. (5) i, p. 97. 



LITERATURE (RECENT). 



Troost and Hautefeuille. Etude calorifique sur les carbures de fer et de manga- 

 nese. Ann. de Chim. (5) 9, p. 56, or C. R. (1875) 80, p. 964. 



Drown. Condition of carbon in white and gray iron. Trans. Am. Inst. M. Eng. Ill, 

 p. 41. 



Pearce. Iron and carbon, mechanically and chemically considered. Trans. Am. Inst. 

 M. Eng. IV, p. 157. 



