OF THE METALLIC CARBIDES. 2J 



THORIUM AND CARBON. 



ThCg is made from thorium oxide, the reduction being more easily 

 effected than is the case in preparing zirconium carbide from zircon. 

 ThCa is decomposed by water, Hg and hydrocarbons being formed. 

 Moist air, also, slowly decomposes thorium carbide, sp. gr. = 10.15. 

 Burns at a red heat. Concentrated acids are almost without action upon 

 it. The gases are evolved in about the following percentages : CgHg 

 (48.44), CH4 (27.69), C2H4 (5.64), and H2 (18.23). 



LITERATURE. 



Troost. Sur la preparation du zirconium et du thorium. C. R. 116, p. 1227, or Abs. 



J. Chem. Soc. (1893) 64, pt. 2, p. 473. 

 MoisSAN et Etard. Sur las carbures d'yttrium et de thorium. C. R. 122, p. 573, or 



Abs. J. Chem. Soc. (1896) 70, pt. 2, p. 422, or Bull. Soc. Chim. (1896) [3] 16, p. 



1271. 



TITANIUM AND CARBON. 



Tie is produced by heating together TiOg and carbon in the electric 

 arc, but according to conditions a variety of compounds may result, 

 some containing C, Ti, and N. A current of 1000 to 1200 amp. and 70 

 volts is required for this reduction. The resulting TiC has a sp. gr. = 

 4.25, and occurs either as a crystalline aggregate or a fused mass show- 

 ing crystalline fracture. This is treated with HCl to remove titanium. 

 The carbide takes fire at red heat, burning with so much heat as to raise 

 it to a white heat. One of the combinations of Ti, C, and N that has 

 been studied a good deal has this formula TiioC2N8. Joly considers this 

 to be a mixture of TiNo and TiC. It was discovered in the furnace pro- 

 ducts from certain titaniferous ores. 



LITERATURE (TiC). 



ScHiMER. Titanium carbide in pig-iron. Chem. News (1887) SS> P- ^S^j and Ber. d. 



Chem. Ges. 20, ref. 361, and Jsb. Chem. (1887) p. 2522. 

 ViOLLE. L'industrie electrique (1894), III, v. 568. 

 MoissAN. Preparation et proprietes du titane. C. R. (1895) 120, p. 290, or Bull. Soc. 



Chim. (1895) [3] 13, p. 963. 



Concerning the nitro-carbides, etc., see 



WoLLASTON. Phil. Trans. (1823) p. 400. 



Sandberger. Cyanstickstoff-Titan, Pogg. Ann. der Phys. (1851) 83, p. 596, or Jsb. 



Chem. (1851), p. 343. 

 WoHLER. Ueber die Natur des metallischen Titans. Ann. Chem. (1850) 73, p. 34. 

 WoHLER and Deville. Ueber die Affinitat zwischen Stickstoff und Titan. Ann. 



Chem. (1857) 103, p. 230, or Jsb. Chem. (157) p. 173. See also 

 Dammer, Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. 



TUNGSTEN AND CARBON. 



CW2 is made from tungstic acid with an excess of carbon, or in a car- 

 bon crucible. The carbon in excess of that required by the formula. 



