160 CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS. 



ture; to try new kinds; and also for experiments on manure, rotation of crops, and 

 new agricultural implements. 



A vegetable garden, 6 acres, for the supply of the institution, and to show the dif- 

 ferent varieties of vegetables useful in husbandry and the best culture of them. 



A mulberry plantation of 6 acres, which should contain all the varieties of the 

 mulberry, to show the culture of them, and would serve also to supply the cocoonery 

 with leaves. 



An orchard and nursery of 20 acres. The greatest portion of this area should be 

 destined for a nursery to show the manner of raising and improving fruit trees. The 

 fruits of the orchard should supply the establishment and show the process of 

 making cider. 



Five hundred acres of woodland, to supply the establishment with fuel, and to show 

 the culture of forest trees (a knowledge very much wanted in the United States), the 

 manner of burning charcoal, etc. 



A botanical garden of 3 acres should contain all indigenous plants which might 

 be probably useful and introduced in agriculture; also, the imported plants and seeds 

 from foreign countries, by our navy officers, consuls, etc. ; the medical plants for hus- 

 bandry, etc. 



A BEET-SUGAR MANUFACTORY. 



The recent improvement in extracting sugar from the beet root has so much sim- 

 plified the process that it will undoubtedly become a general business, so that every 

 farmer will produce his own sugar, or at least raise and dry the beet for market. 

 The object of this institution should be to diffuse the knowledge of so important a 

 discovery, and therefore it should have a manufactory for extracting the sugar from 

 the root, raised for that purpose by the institution and neighborhood. 



A large institution of this description should grind its own flour and corn meal; 

 consequently it becomes necessary to erect a mill, with two pairs of stones, which 

 will also serve to show the pupils the management and construction of mills. 



WORKSHOPS. 



To give the pupils a knowledge of the manner of constructing agricultural imple- 

 ments, as well as to enable them to estimate the costs of machines, buildings, etc., 

 and to apply the acquired theoretical principles of mechanics practically, there 

 should be five workshops, viz: Machine shop, wagon maker's shop, blacksmith's 

 shop, cooper's shop, and carpenter's shop. 



Each of these shops should be conducted by a skillful mechanic, who could attend 

 to the work required by the establishment as well as teach the pupils the use of tools. 



The pupils should learn how to forge, to shoe a horse, to make a wheel or wagon, 

 to stock a plow, and to build outhouses. It is not intended to make them masters of 

 these trades, but to enable them in case of necessity to construct anything belonging 

 to a farm. 



STEAM ENGINE. 



The mill, the apparatus of the sugar-beet manufactory, the straw-cutter, the 

 thrashing machine, the machinery of the workshops, and the pump which supplies 

 through a reservoir the whole establishment with water should be put in operation 

 by an engine of 12 horsejiower. 



BUILDINGS. 



The buildings for such an object should be substantial, plain, and economical. 

 To this establishment would be required, viz: an institute or main l)uilding. (See plan 

 Nos. 1 and 2.) The annexed plan (No. 3) shows: ((/) horse stable, {b) ox stable, 



