FOETY-SIXTH CONGKESS, 1879-1881. 859 



in California, where the works of extinct races are buried in great profusion. 

 Throughout Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and a part of Wyoming ruins 

 of ancient pueblos are also found in great abundance. The researches in this field 

 have been of wide extent. 



8. History of Indian affairs, including treaties, cessions of land by the Indians, 

 removals, the progress of the Indians in industrial arts, and especially the efforts 

 made to induce them to become agriculturists and manufacturers, the distribution of 

 lands among them in severalty, and the efforts made to establish schools among the 

 Indians and elsewhere for their education. 



A large number of persons, including missionaries and teachers among the Indians, 

 Indian agents, army officers, scholars connected with the colleges of the United 

 States, and others, are assisting in this general work. 



In the progress of settlement the western portion of the United States is being 

 rapidly filled by people from the eastern portion, so that at present there is no valley 

 of magnitude uninhabited by white men. Rapidly the Indians are being gathered 

 on reservations, where their original habits and customs disappear, their languages 

 are being modified or lost, and thej^ are abandoning their savagery and barbarism 

 and accepting civilization. If the ethnology of our Indians is ever to receive proper 

 scientific study and treatment the work must be done at once. 



In view of the facts briefly set forth above I would respectfully request that you 

 forward to Congress this statement, with an estimate for "fifty thousand dollars 

 ($50,000) for the purpose of continuing ethnologic researches among the North 

 American Indians, mider the direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- 

 tion," if the same meets with your approval. 



I am, with respect, your obedient servant, 



J. W. Powell. 



Prof. S. F. Baird, 



Secretary SmitJisonian Institution. 



Referred to Committee on Appropriations. 



December 6, 1880 — House. 



Estimates for 1882. 



For the purpose of continuing ethnological researches among the 

 North American Indians, under the direction of the Secretary of the 

 Smithsonian Institution, $50,000. 



ETHNOLOGY — APPROPRIATIONS. 



April 17, 1880— House. 



In considering the deficiency bill, Mr. John A. McMahon said: 

 There is an amendment to appropriate $50,000 for ethnological 

 researches, in reference to the Smithsonian Institution, recommended 

 by Professor Baird. I expect it would have been put in by the 

 House committee if the committee had been asked to do so. I think 

 at the time we prepared this bill the request was not made and the 

 urgency and need of it were not understood. The committee unani- 

 mously agreed that it should be concurred in. 



May 28, 1880— House. 

 The sundry civil bill for 1881 under consideration — 



For the purpose of continuing ethnological researches among the North American 

 Indians, under the direction of the Secretarv of the Smithsonian Institution, $20,000. 



