0\ TIIR OCerUUFNCK OF TlIK CRKSTKK l'F\<iri\ III'M,. 77 



\'og ; and the celebrated Soniiernt-" captured tlio same species almost on 

 the Kqnatoi-. Other navigators had seen the same birds ton, at the 1^'alk- 

 land Islands, and we called this Penguin lon/iinhi, because of its wliite 

 collar. 



P. 1"2S "We saw another species brduglil IVdin ihe Falkland Islands 



P. 129 "The A])tPnodyt.!V, rJi nj^oconir , mtujeJ] (tii i en , aiitarclird, and minor, 

 were seen bv us to Hing themselves out ol" tlie water with a leap and with a 

 sort of sliooting motion; and on the same spo( lodive in again, liisl with the 

 head, and then with the wliole bodv." 



Tlie lii'st species to be describi'd in delail is the C'resiod Penguin. I 

 translate the following : — j). IMT). ''AjiteitDihites chrijxoco^^ie, with daik 

 red bill, yellowish feet; frontal ci'est, narrow and erect, auricnlai- ci-est, 

 snlplnir coloured and dinoping (IM. x., tig. 1). 



"■ Pimioniu saiih'itr, l?ongainvill(> Voyage, p. (')!> (I<'i'fnch (Mlition), ])i). 

 64-5 (English edition). 



"■Ilahitiit : The southern part of New PTolland, called Van Diemen's 

 Laudt, and the Falkland Islands. 



2« M. Soniierat (5) puVjlished his "Voyage a la Nouvelle Guim'e" in 1776. 

 Chapter xii. of this work is entitled "Description de qulecpies Oiscanx do la Nouvelle 

 Guinoe." From this chapter, which is copiously illustrated, I translate the 

 following : — " It remains only for lue to speak of three birds, all three of the 

 'Manchot' (Pengnin) family. This family comprises only sea-birds, the species it 

 contains are all devoid of the power to fly, they walk awkwardly, and in walking 

 carry the bead erect and perpendicular ; their feet are right behind, and so short 

 that the bird can only take very short steps. The wings are only appendages 

 attached to tlie place where true wings ought to belong ; their use seems only to be 

 to assist the staggering bird, and to serve it as a balancing pole, in its erratic course. 

 The sea "is the element of the Penguins. Travellers often confuse thein with the 

 ' i3ingoins ' ; they differ from the latter, however, in two very perceptiltle characters, 

 in the shape of the wings, which although very short and very narrow in the 

 'pingoins,' nevertheless, allow them to rise and to fly some distance ; in the shape of 

 the bill, which in the ' pingoins ' is large and flattened at the sides, and in the 

 'Manchots' is thin, rounded and cylindrical. The ' Manchots ' inhaliit desert 

 islands in the Indian and American oceans, they come to land to pass the niglit, and 

 to lay their eggs. The inability of these birds to fly, the difficulty they experience in 

 running, place them at the mercy of those who chance to land on the islands which 

 serve them for shelter. They are captured running ; knocked on the head with a 

 stick or stone, and owing to their form, which pnts it out of their power to avoid an 

 enemy, they are regarded as being stupid, and no trouble is taken to look after their 

 preservation. They are not found in inhabited places, and have never been there. 

 They belong to a race which, unable to defend themselves or to escape, will surely 

 disappear, aljove all, where man the desti'oyer settles, who allows nothing to survive 

 which he can annihilate. 1 will mention the three Manchots which I liave observed, 

 one the Manchot of New Guinea, another, the Collared Manchot of New Guinea, and 

 the third, the Manchot Papua." 



Sonnerat's plates show that the first is the King Ve\\gi\h\ (Aidenodyles pata- 

 chonica), the second, the Collared (Forster's tovqiiata) and the third, the Gentoo Pen- 

 guin (Pygoscelis p(tpua). Obviously Sonnerat had specimens of the lurds to describe 

 and to delineate, but equally ol^viously he was in error in including them in the avi- 

 fauna of New Guinea. Forster )>lindly followed him and gave New Guinea as a 

 habitat (inter alia) oi his Aptenodyteg 2}afac]tnnica, A. torijnata, nnd A. papna. This 

 error ajipears also to have been responsible for Kamsay's Gulf of Carpentaria, and 

 Campbell's Nortliern Territory ranges for E. clii-ysoconw." 



