1915] 



on Science and Industrial Problems 



321 



Rioinoleio acid 



Erocic acid 



Linoleic acid . . 



W n •< 



Oleic acid 



»» »» 



n »» 



Whale oil 



»» u 



Cod oil 



»« »t 



Linseed oil 



»» »»•••• 

 Rape oil 



>• ft 



Cotton seed oil 



Pish oil 



Almond oil 



^. 



Temp. 



180P 



100° 



180P 



180P 

 240-250° 



180° 



100° 

 240-250° 



100° 



100° 



180° 

 240-250° 

 240-250° 



180° 

 240-250° 



180° 



180° 



100° 



175° 

 190-200° 

 175-185' 



Iodine Value 





DS. 



89-8 



91-8 



120-3 



74-0 



182-1 



176-0 



179-2 



82-9 



82'1 



84-8 



120-0 

 123-0 

 157-0 

 159-5 

 181-2 

 176-8 

 118 2 

 119-1 

 101-8 

 124-5 

 92-1 





7-99 

 3-69 

 5-95 

 2-05 

 3000 

 7-79 

 5-98 

 408 

 9-77 

 3-83 



10-30 

 27 7 

 13-1 

 11-1 

 9-52 

 4-75 

 11-2 

 24-3 

 18-5 

 51-5 

 22-6 



Melting Point 



cs « 

 OCQ 



Liquid 



34° 

 Liquid 



53° 



72° 



58-5° 



79° 



60-5'' 



66° 



65° 



63° 



61° 



63° 



54° 



48-5° 



56° 



57° 



66° 



62*5° 



59° 



56° 



58° 



solid 



present occasion and the task of the experimental or laboratory 

 chemist may be considered as practically finished, he having now 

 proved definitely that oils can be hydrogenated on treatment with 

 hydrogen in presence of reduced nickel under certain specified 

 conditions. 



But will the manufacturer be satisfied ? Can he now go into his 

 works and start the new process ? By no means. His task is only 

 going to commence, for the process passes out of the hands of the 

 experimental chemist into the care of the industrial or technical 

 chemist, who may himself be a chemical engineer, or, if not, he will 

 have to work in conjunction with an engineer. Together they will 

 have to study the mechanical devices to be employed for bringing oil 

 and catalyst into contact with hydrogen ; the advisability of applying 

 continuous mechanical agitation during hydrogenation, and the many 

 other points necessary to convert the operation, which has been 

 proved workable with a few grams of oil, into one where tons of oil 

 can be as easily changed into hardened fat. 



The responsibility for constructing such large scale apparatus is 

 no light one, for it must be remembered that the conditions of 

 experiment established in the laboratory may not be found to be the 

 most suitable for manufacturing operations. 



