135 



In 1904- ScHALOw gave a survey of the geographical distribution 

 of the birds of the whole Arctic region. 



KoLTHOFP (1903), published a list of the Arctic Mammals and 

 Birds (in Swedish), in which, among his own observations from 

 Greenland and Spits"bergen, many interesting things about Spits- 

 bergen birds are mentioned. 



The ornithological results of Conway's Expedition to Spitsbergen 

 (1896) are published by Trevor Battye (1897), whilst Zedlitz com- 

 municated his observations made during Zeppelin's „Studienfahrt" 

 in the „Journal für Ornithologie", Bd. 59, 1911. 



In the January-number of „The Ibis" (1922) Jourdain will probably 

 furnish a complete list of the birds of Spitsbergen, including my 

 observations. I am very much obliged to Rev. Jourdain for com- 

 municating to me the results of the Oxford University Expedition; 

 I used them with great profit whilst working up the special part. 



I will not conclude this introduction, without inserting a com- 

 plete list of the birds, observed in Spitsbergen up till now. 1 take 

 it from LE Roi (1911, p. 136), adding some new records, made by 

 the Oxford Expedition and others. 



LIST OF ALL THE SPECIES, OBSERVED IN SPITSBERGEN. 



(After LE Roi (1911), the observations of the Oxford University 

 Expedition („Ibis", 1922) and others. 



1. Corvus comix comix L., occasionally. 



2. Gorvns spec, {frugilegus frugilegus L.?), once. 



3. Cardiielis Homemanni (subspec.?), occasionally. 



4. Plectrophenax nivalis (L.), common breeding bird. 



5. Turclus pilaris L., once (B. Högbom, 1908; Fauna och Flora 



Uppsala IV, 1909). • 



6. Turclus musicus L., occasionally. 



7. Oenanthe oenanthe leucorrhoa (Gm.), occasionally. 



8. Hirunclo spec, (rustica L.?), occasionally, species not certain. 



9. Apus apus apiis (L.), once. 



10. Upupa epops epops L., once. 



11. Nyctea nijctea (L.), occasionally; breeding? 



12. Falco rusticolus subspec.?, very rare vagrant. 



13. Cygnus cygniis (L.) or Cygnus Bewicki Yarr., occasionally. 



14. Anser brachyrhynchus Bâillon, pretty common breeding bird. 



