248 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 



appearance of a worn-down brush. The flowers appear before the 

 leaves. To get them entails climbing. The tree is of goodly size ; 

 is widely distributed upon hill and plain ; and thrives in either 

 ferruginous or granite soil. 



EUBIACE^. 



In so far as a study of local examples teaches, the order 

 Biibiacece is one in which extreme elTort is made to obtain 

 a cross. In the higher types a well-marked protandry is the 

 means to the desired end. It seems likely that the strong 

 protandrous bent has been the guiding factor in the building-up 

 of the advanced type of Eubiaceous flower. The more or less 

 completely tubal flower; the anthers backed and buttressed by 

 the corolla-tube ; the introrse and early dehiscence ; the distally- 

 enlarged style, with its more or less efticient brush or scraper, 

 upon the surface of which the pollen is shed ; the functioning of 

 the style as pollen-presenter, with a varying degree of attendant 

 exsertion ; and the late development of the stigma, are features 

 commonly seen in the higher types of flower. 



Variation in detail is great. The brush may be the compara- 

 tively crude one of L&ptactinia lanceolata K. Schum., where the 

 clavate style is completely clothed externally with upward-pointing 

 furry hair, the two lobes of the stigma afterwards unfolding to 

 display the stigmatic papillae of their inner surfaces, or, it may be 

 the highly difl'erentiated type seen in Pavetta stipitlopalliuvi 

 K. Schum., where eight vertical brushes receive the contents of 

 the eight anther-loculi, and atrophy after their burden is shed. 

 In the former example exsertion is slight ; in the latter, extreme. 

 The pollen is simply unloaded upon the stylar head, and any 

 sweeping action of the out-growing style is of the gentlest. 



The sweeping out of the anthers may be done more or less 

 efficiently, and the throat of the tube is usually clothed with hairs 

 to glean spilt pollen. In a general way one may say the less 

 efficient the harvesting by the stylar brush the more numerous 

 the gleaner-hairs. 



Pentanisia ehodesiana S. Moore, with forms a, b, c, d 

 (no. 1396). Disregarding variation in vegetative characters, one 

 finds in different plant-individuals the following forms of flower: — 



Form a. — A long-stamened form, in which the stamens stand 

 erect above the mouth of the tube. The filaments take origin 

 just within the throat of the flower. The style and stigma are 

 within the tube, the stylar arms being divergent when still within 

 it. They are covered all over with pointed stigmatic papillaj. 

 There is no stylar brush. The corolla-tube is hairy within, the 

 hairs short, straight, and bristly, growing towards the axis of the 

 tube and occluding its lumen. The anthers dehisce, while the style, 

 with its stigmas still immature, is within the tube. Later the 

 style grows out almost as far as the anthers, when auto-pollination 

 may occur. 



Form b. — A long-styled form. The style is exserted, has no 

 brush, and does not function as pollen-presenter. The anthers 



