SCANDINAVIAN ROSES 299 



the notice of British botanists because they contain many novel 

 views as to the classification of certain groups. These views are to 

 be found in the following publications in the Swedish language, 

 though the diagnoses are in Latin : — (1) Studier ofver Bergianska 

 Tradgiirdens spontana Eosaformer. Acta Horti Bergiani. Stock- 

 holm, 1907. (2) Skandinaviska former af Bosa glauca Vill. 

 Arkiv for Botanik. Uppsala and Stockholm, 1910. (3) Skandi- 

 naviska former af Bosa Afzeliana Fr., section glauciformis At. 

 Arkiv for Botanik Uppsala and Stockholm, 1911. 



Dr. Almquist is of opinion that B. canina (including clmne- 

 torum) and B. glauca (including coriifolia) are strictly separated. 

 But a better characteristic than the direction of the sepals is to 

 be found in the difference of the styles, a character tlie impor- 

 tance of which he has learned from his fellow-countryman, 

 another famous rhodologist, the Rev. R. Matsson. B. canina 

 (including dumetorum) has the styles a little prolonged above the 

 opening of the disc and more or less separated. In B. glauca 

 (including coriifolia), on the other hand, they are short and 

 densely coherent. By making the styles the deciding character, 

 many forms hitherto placed under subcanina and suhcollina would 

 be classed under B. canina and B. dumetorum. 



Dr. Almquist believes, with Crepin and several other students 

 of Bosa, that B. glauca and B. coriifolia form one collective 

 species, to which he gives the name of B. Afzeliana Fr. Crepin 

 proposed to call it B. glaucaYill., but as Dr. Almquist thinks that 

 Villars had in view a glaucescent form, and as the colour of the 

 leaves is of the highest importance in the opinion of the Swedish 

 author, he gives the collective species the name of B. Afzeliana 

 Fr., which includes both glaucescent and green-leaved forms. The 

 glaucescent species he calls B. glauca Vill. and B. glauciformis At. 

 ( = Almquist), the former glabrous, the latter hairy. The green- 

 leaved species are B. virens Wg., glabrous, and B. virentiformis 

 At., hairy. Dr. Almquist feels convinced that the hairy forms 

 have been developed from the glabrous. He has not found any 

 hairy form that has not its corresponding one among the glabrous, 

 although in a few cases there are glabrous forms to which the 

 corresponding hairy ones have not yet been found. By like 

 differentiation the teeth and colour of the leaves sometimes vary 

 a little, but the essential charactei's of the corresponding forms 

 are always the same. The two sections, therefore, B. glauca Vill. 

 and B. glauciformis At. are divided into parallel series of forms or 

 subspecies, of which the diagnoses are identical, except that the 

 one set is glabrous, the other hairy. In diagnosing these sub- 

 species the chief characters relied on are the colour and consis- 

 tence of the leaves, the form of the leaflets, the shape and 

 direction of the teeth. The form and direction of the prickles and 

 the shape of the fruit are also taken into account. Dr. Almquist 

 does not think that the direction of the sepals, reflexed or erect 

 upon the fruit, is a character which can bo relied on, and ho 

 therefore takes no account of it. in the diagnosis of his sub- 

 species, moreover, he does not mention tlie development of the 



