BOOK-XOTES, XEWS, ETC 165 



feet preservation of the j^hloem, has been kept distinct ever since its first 

 discovery in 1S86. The enormous difference of age between the Burnt- 

 island and tlie Dulesgate plants rendered their specific identity highly 

 improbable, and the latter have been separated under the name H. Lo- 

 maxii, after the name of tlie discoverer, originally suggested by William- 

 son himself though not published by him. A fine Heterangium from 

 Shore was discovered by Mr. Lomax and his son in 1912. It is a large 

 stem, 18 mm. in diameter, though almost without secondary growth. 

 Two leaf -trace strands leave the stele for each leaf dividing into four in 

 the cortex and into eight in the petiole. This is the best example known 

 of a polydesmic Heterangium ; the species appears to be distinct and 

 may be named H. shoreuae. It has been found, however, that other 

 Coal-Measure species were also polydesmic. In K. tiliceoides there 

 are four separate bundles in the petiole and the same is the case in 

 H. Lomaxii. In all these plants two bundles start from the stele, 

 dividing into four on or before entering the leaf-base. The three 

 species are also characterised by the sharp differentiation of the peri- 

 pheral X3dem- strands and by an approach to exarch structure. It is 

 proposed to group H. shorense^ H. tiliceoides^ and Jl. Lomaxii (of 

 which H. cyliiulricum is only a form) in a new subgenus, Foltj- 

 angium. It is probable that the Upper Coal-Measure species from 

 Autun described by Kenault also fall under this subgenus, while most 

 of the very interesting Silesian species, of Millstone Grit age, recently 

 discovered bv Dr. Kubart, appear to belong to the simpler type which 

 may be called Eu-keteranqiiim. Among the British Coal-Measure 

 species it is only in H. minimum, sp. n., that a single bundle leaves 

 the stele, dividing into two in the cortex. The polydesmic species of 

 Heferangium show an interesting analogy with the simpler Medul- 

 losea? and with the protostelic Calamopityea^, and may also be compared 

 with Dr. Gordon's new genus Rhetinaugium. 



At the meeting of the same Society on May 3rd Mr. H. W, 

 Pugsley gave a summary of his recently completed paper, "An Enu- 

 meration of the species of Fnmaria, section i^phcerocaynosy After 

 quoting Shakespeare's allusion to "rank fumiter" in " King Lear," 

 he mentioned the earliest known references to these plants, under the 

 name of f^arrvus, smoke, which date back to Dioscorides and the elder 

 Pliny in the first century ; and drew attention to the ancient j^late in 

 the Vienna Codex of Dioscorides, which was apparently drawn from 

 K ojficiiialis. The modern generic name liist appears in Bock 

 (Tragus), Fuchs and Matthioli. Allusion was then made to the 

 curious but universal connection between Fumitories and smoke, and 

 the various explanations that have been suggested for it. The treat- 

 ment of these plants by Gerard, Kay and other pre-Linnean authors 

 was touched upon, and it was shown that six annvial species Avere 

 distinguished before the time of Linnanis. In the Sj)ecies Flan- 

 tarum of 1753, two species only of true Fumarice are included, the 

 remainder of the Linnean genus consisting of plants since transferred 

 to Corgdalis and elsewhere-. The works on the genus by Handschuch 

 (l.S32)and Park tore (1S44) were then referred to, after which the 

 classification of the much more com])lete Monograph by Olof Hanmiar 

 (1857) was explained with the help of diagrams, and it was demon- 



