JAMES WAED. 273 



of plants were continually referred to as authorities for North York- 

 shire in Mr. Watson's numerous works on the geographical and 

 topographical distribution of plants. He had also a lifelong friend- 

 ship with the Rev. J. E. Leefe, in connection with whom he published 

 in 1842-3 two volumes of British dried Willows. Besides Willows, 

 Mr. Ward devoted a good deal of attention to the groups of Roses 

 and Hieracia. At first all his specimens were arranged according 

 to the Linnean classification. Later he arranged them according 

 to the natural orders, but his first and best collection, now at 

 Stonyhurst, remains in the Linnean classification. The value of 

 this herbarium is enhanced by the fact that many of its rarer 

 specimens were supplied by the leading botanists of the period, and 

 can therefore be depended upon as accurately named, according to 

 the nomenclature recognized at that time. Mr. J. G. Baker was 

 one of Mr. Ward's friends and correspondents. Amongst his other 

 botanical correspondents may be mentioned Sir W. Hooker, Sir 

 J. D. Hooker, Professors Henslow, Balfour, and Babiugton ; also 

 Dr. Boswell Syme and Dr. Arnold Lees. 



On the 12th of May, 1886, Ward was chosen a Fellow of the 

 Botanical Society of Edinburgh, then but recently established. Li 

 1847 he became corresponding local secretary to the London 

 Botanical Society. He had an immense number of duplicate 

 specimens to exchange with private correspondents. He not only 

 collected plants and ferns, but mosses, lichens, sea-weeds, confervse, 

 fungi, etc. Later, when he seemed to have collected all the British 

 plants that he could, he made collections of sea and fresh-water 

 shells and minerals. 



In 1856 Ward withdrew entirely from business and gave himself 

 up to the cultivation of rare plants and choice fruits in his garden. 

 He was especially fond of saxifrages, alpine plants, and ferns. In 

 1863 Ward visited Ireland, traversing it from north to south, and 

 east to west. In 1864 he paid a visit to Switzerland, during which 

 he gathered sufficient plants to fill three large volumes. 



In January, 1865, the Richmond and North Riding Naturalists' 

 Field Club was started ; Ward was one of the vice-presidents, and 

 took the lead in the botanical department. He at once set to work 

 to make a herbarium for the Club. In an incredibly short time he 

 collected twelve large volumes of plants, numbering 2000 specimens, 

 to remain for reference in the Club museum. He accompanied the 

 Club on many botanical and geological rambles in the North Riding. 

 He also joined the Tyneside Naturalists' Club. 



When he reached the age of sixty-seven he began to be greatly 

 troubled with rheumatism. He tried various baths and remedies 

 without any permanent benefit. The disease seemed to be too 

 deeply rooted in the joints to yield to treatment. In search of a 

 milder climate he migrated, in 1871, to Redcliffe House, Barton- 

 upon-Irwell, near Manchester. After two years of gradually de- 

 clining health, he died on the 6th March, 1873, in the seventy-first 

 year of his age, and was buried in the cemetery at Chester. 



Journal of Botany. — Vol. 36. [July, 1898.] 



