THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF NOVAYA ZEMLYA, ETC. 



391 



Senecio campestris DC. var. in- 



tegrifolia Hook. 

 Petasites frigida Fries. 

 Cassiopeia tetragofia L. 

 Andromeda Poli folia L. 

 Vaccinium Vitis-ida^a L. f. j^umila 



Horn. 

 Primula stricta Horn. 

 Armeria sihirica Turcz. 

 Polemonium. ccerideum, L. f. acuti- 



folia Willd. 

 Myosotis alpestris Kocb. 

 Gentiana tenella Fr. 

 Pedicular is sudetica Willd. 



P. lajipcyiica L. 

 Plantago maritima L. 

 Polygonum Bistorta L. 

 P. viviparum L. 

 Empetrum nigrum L. 

 Betula nana L. 

 Salix Myrsinites L. 

 8. arctica Pall. 

 S. rotundifolia Trautv. 



[Kjellm. 

 f. puniila 



S. reticulata L. 



Tojieldia palustris Huds. 



Allium sibiricum L. 



J uncus biglumis L. 



Luzula W ahlenhergii Rupr. 



L. arctica Blytt. 



PJriojjJioium ScJieuchzeri Hoppe. 



R. callithrix Cham. 



E. russeolum. Fr. 



E. angustifolium. Roth. 



Carex rariflora, Sm. 



C. rigida Good. 



C. fuiiginosa Schk. 



C. glareosa Wahlenb. 



C. rotundata Wahlenb. 



Dupontia Fischeri R. Br. 



Arctophila fulva Nym. 



Poa alpina L. 



P. cenisia All. 



Deschampsia caspitosa Beauv. f. 



brevifolia Trautv. 

 Equisetum arvense L. 

 Lycojjodium Selago L. 



Waigats. 



This island, which is separated by the narrow Straits of Yugor 

 from the mainland of Arctic Russia, lies between the parallels of 

 69° 40' and 70° 25' N. lat. It is about sixty miles in length and 

 about twenty in width. The southern end of the island is generally 

 low and swampy, the knolls and eminences rising not more than 

 fifty feet above the level of the sea. Looking at it from the Yugor 

 Straits, it appears as a reflection of the opposite mainland. A few 

 miles inland, from its southern end, the country becomes hilly, and 

 when we examine its topographical features with more care we find 

 that these hills associate themselves into series of ridges, with a 

 general trend from north-west to south-east, and running parallel 

 to one another. These ridges do not anywhere exceed a height of 

 300 ft., as a rule they are considerably lower, and, roughly speaking, 

 average from 70 to 100 ft. 



The rock formations of Waigats consist chiefly of slates, shales, 

 limestones, and dolomitic limestones ; all have undergone great 

 upheaval and subsequent denudation. They are nearly vertical, and 

 their strike is from north-west to south-east. Consequently the 

 ridges are formed by the lines of strike, and run in the same 

 direction. The troughs or valleys between the ridges, and all the 

 level or tundra land, are covered with a thick layer of marine boreal 

 clay containing the shells of mollusca now occurring abundantly in 

 the surrounding sea. Everywhere around we can trace the proofs 

 of recent emergence from the ocean. The present island of Waigats 

 is, geologically, an upheaval of yesterday. Tins clay deposit in the 

 valleys and troughs is dotted over with meres and lakes. Many of 



