THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF NOVAYA ZEMLYA, ETC. 395 



blossoms, as typical specimens from an English meadow, whilst at 

 high altitudes, for instance at three hundred feet in Lutke Land, we 

 find the plant degenerated to an almost leafless stem, showing only 

 a small blossom of a quarter of an inch diameter just protruding 

 above the damp moss, in which the stalk lies hidden. There are 

 specimens in tlie collection from Waigats with flowers two inches 

 in diameter. Dolgoi Island ; Habarova ; Cape Greben ; south 

 shores of Waigats ; Cape Matiusela ; Dolga Bay ; Neckwatowa ; 

 Kostin Shar ; Goose Land ; Gubina Bay ; Beluga Bay, Lutke 

 Land ; Pachtussow Islands ; Ziwolka Fiord. 



10. Thalictrum alpinum L. Is not uncommon from the shores 

 of the mainland of Kussia to Lutke Land. It affects protected 

 spots, growing under the sides of runnels, on sheltered banks, or in 

 the clefts of rock exposures. Habarova ; south shores of Waigats ; 

 Dolga Bay ; Neckwatowa ; Islands Kostin Shar ; Gubina Bay ; 

 Beluga Bay, Lutke Land ; and many other localities. 



11. Papaver nudicaule L. — Of the entire flora in the polar 

 and arctic regions, no flower is dearer to the explorer than the 

 arctic poppy. Its beauty, its delightful shades of colour from 

 white to bright yellow and delicate pink, charm the eye. Its 

 abundance and vitality under apparently the most adverse circum- 

 stances make a deep impression. On the bleakest and most 

 exposed surfaces, as far north as the explorer has reached on land, 

 this remarkable flower has been met with. Cold, snow, and tempest 

 seem to make no impression on it. Habarova ; Dolgoi Island ; 

 Waigats ; Novaya Zemlya generally ; Lutke Land generally ; Pach- 

 tussow Islands ; Ziwolka Fiord. Seeds of this plant gathered in 

 Novaya Zemlya, sown in the end of May, 1898, came up strongly 

 in fourteen days, and one blossomed (white) first week of July. 



12. Mathiola nudigaulis Trautv. Is extremely abundant over 

 Waigats and Novaya Zemlya, decreasing, however, as we cross 

 Matyushin Shar and enter Lutke Land. Its beautiful pink blos- 

 soms (sometimes pure white) are a distinct feature in the floral 

 display. This plant especially affects areas covered by marine 

 boreal clay, its strong roots penetrating several inches into the 

 ground. Habarova ; Waigats generally ; Novaya Zemlya gener- 

 ally ; Beluga Bay, Lutke Land; Pachtussow Islands; Ziwolka Fiord. 



13. Cardamine pratensis L. Generally distributed in suitable 

 places from the shores of the Russian mainland to Lutke Land, 

 where it was found in flower on the Pachtussow Islands, 74° 24' N. 

 Dolgoi Island ; Habarova ; Waigats ; Novaya Zemlya ; Beluga 

 Bay, Lutke Land ; and Ziwolka Fiord. The depth of the tubular 

 part of the flower, i.e. length of claw of petal, may be worth men- 

 tion, for it is found to be a very variable feature, longer in some 

 localities than in others, but probably having a definite relation to 

 the tongues of the insects which fertilise the flower. 



14. C. bellidifolia L. Not met with by me on Dolgoi Island, 

 but extremely common all over Waigats, the same in Novaya 

 Zemyla, and was found in flower at an altitude of 1000 ft. in the 

 neighbourhood of Ziwolka Fiord, Lutke Land, 74° 25' N. It 



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