THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF NOVAYA ZEMLYA, ETC. 419 



found by me on the north end of Waigats at an elevation of 200 ft.j 

 where it was growing abundantly on the summit of a range of 

 hills. In Novaya Zemlya, at Neckwatowa. Not found or over- 

 looked by me in Lutke Land. 



27. Viola biflora L. Only met with in one locality — the east 

 side of Dolga Bay, island of Waigats, on the 8th July, 1897. It 

 was growing in peaty soil in great abundance and in full flower. 



28. Silene acaulis L. Universally distributed, from the main- 

 land of Arctic Kussia to Lutke Land, as far as explored in lat. 74° 

 25' N. ; Habarova ; Dolgoi Island ; Waigats ; Novaya Zemlya ; 

 Beluga Bay, Lutke Land ; Pachtussow Islands. 



29. Wahlenbergia apetala Fries. Scores of specimens of this 

 plant were gathered from various localities, with the object of 

 elucidating the intergrading of this species with the next. The 

 conclusion I arrived at is that W. ajMala is distinctly a plant of the 

 damp tundra-ground, affecting wet peaty ridges and bogs, IV. affiyiis 

 the plant of the dry or rocky ground. W. apetala is an abundant 

 species around Habarova, on Dolgoi Island, all over Waigats, and 

 Novaya Zemlya, in suitable localities, growing freely in Lutke 

 Land ; at Beluga Bay specimens were gathered in flower ten inches 

 in height. It was common on the Pachtussow Islands and in 

 Ziwolka Fiord. 



30. W. AFFiNis Vahl. As already mentioned, this plant, as far 

 as my observation goes, is confined to dry situations, and grows even 

 in the clefts of rocks. By no means so common as IF. apetala, its 

 areal distribution is much the same. There are specimens in the 

 collection from Dolga Bay ; Cape Greben, islands in Kostin Shar, 

 and from Ziwolka Fiord, 74° 25', a very considerable extension of 

 its previously recorded northern range in this area. 



31. Stellaria longipes Goldie. A very common plant over the 

 entire area visited. Habarova ; Dolgoi Island ; Cape Greben ; Cape 

 Matiusela ; Neckwatowa ; Goose Land ; Nameless Bay ; Gubina 

 Bay ; Beluga Bay, Lutke Land ; Ziwolka Fiord. 



32. S. HUMiFusA Eottb. This appears to be entirely a maritime 

 plant, growing in spots where there is a suspicion of sea- water 

 rising over the land at times. I found it not uncommon on 

 Dolgoi Island, the shores of Waigats, and Goose Land of Novaya 

 Zemlya ; not extending to or overlooked by me in Lutke Land. 



33. Cerastium alpinum L. formae lanatum, hirsutum et cmpitosum. 

 An abundant and generally dispersed plant, from the mainland of 

 Arctic Russia to the northernmost point visited in Lutke Land. 

 The three tolerably distinct forms, to which the many specimens 

 brought back are referred, are not confined to any particular area, 

 but intermingle ; it would be difficult to decide which is the pre- 

 dominant type. Specimens from Dolgoi Island are considered 

 f. hirsutum Koch, from Habarova f. ccespitosum Malmgren ; whilst 

 from the Pachtussow Islands we get f. hirsutum, and from Ziwolka 

 Fiord, _ 74° 25', both ccespitosum and lanatum Wg. The various 

 localities on Waigats, Novaya Zemlya, and Lutke Land, from which 



