THE FLOWERING PLANTS OP NOVAYA ZEMLVA, ETC. 427 



On Lutke Land I found it common, and as far north as the Pach- 

 tussow Islands, and Ziwolka Fiord. 



97. Eritrichium villosum Bunge. Abundant over Waigats, 

 Novaya Zemlya, and Lutke Land. Found on the Pachtussow 

 Islands and Ziwolka Fiord. It seems to flourish best upon the 

 bleakest islets near the shore ; there this plant appears in little 

 bosses of the most brilliant turquoise-blue, offering a most 

 astonishing contrast to the shattered brown stones which form the 

 surface. This plant is gynodioecious in Novaya Zemlya, the her- 

 maphrodite flowers being considerably larger than the female. 



98. Gentiana tenella Fries. Quite typical. Met with in con- 

 siderable quantity growing in peaty soil on the west side of Dolgoi 

 Island. Found on the south side of Besemannya Bay, at an 

 elevation of 150 ft. This plant is an interesting addition to the 

 flora of Novaya Zemlya. It is recorded from Spitsbergen. 



99. Veronica alpina L. It was somewhat of a surprise to find 

 this alpine plant growing in close proximity to the sea, at about 

 20 ft. elevation, some three miles to the west of Habarova. It has 

 not hitherto been recorded from Yugor Straits, or the north coast 

 of Sibea-ia. 



100. Pedicularis lapponica L. On Dolgoi Island I found it 

 growing sparingly on dry hillocks. Did not observe it in the 

 neighbourhood of Habarova. On Waigats I met with it near Cape 

 Greben, and also at the north end of the island, where it grows on 

 the higher ridges. It is an addition to the flora of Waigats. 



101. P. Oederi Vahl. I met with this plant only at Dolga Bay, 

 island of Waigats, where it grew in great profusion over the tundra 

 swamps, its large citron-yellow blossoms being very conspicuous and 

 effective. Personally I have found little variation in the colour of 

 the blossoms, but the experience of others is decidedly contrary to 

 mine. Mr. Burkill has drawn my attention to the following. 

 Wahlenberg, in proposing the name versicolor, does so in the 

 following words (De Veget. et dim. Helvetiae septentr. p. 118) : — 

 " Galea tantum sub apice coccineo-maculata, macula exsiccando 

 evanescente. . . . Nomine supra dato colorem fugacem simulque 

 duplicem indicare volui." Thus he gives the name because the 

 colour in Swiss specimens changes to pink below the top of the 

 hood, and also fades in drying. But the plant varies in different 

 localities, so that Bentham (DC. Prod. x. 578) says : — " Flores 

 citrini vel unicolores vel galea sub apice rubra vel purpurea." 

 My plants are of the first alternative. Bentham also adds that 

 the proportional size of the hood varies in Arctic, Siberian, and 

 European examples. 



102. P. hirsuta L. This small lousewort is extremely common 

 all over Waigats, growing in dry spots from the shore-line to the 

 highest ridges, say, 250 ft. I met with it in abundance at Neck- 

 watowa, over Goose Land, and many other stations. It is common 

 enough on Lutke Land, in the neighbourhood of Beluga Bay, and 

 the Matyushin Shar ; it was common on the Pachtussow Islands, 



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