l^IG-I^ARMING IN SoUTH Al'RtCA. 



165 



repiesfiited in tlx' United States of America, Canada, Australia, the 

 Argentine, Brazil, South Af'rira, and also in many parts of Europe. 

 There is a noticeable variation in the type of Berkshire that is to 

 he found at the present time in some of these countries. This may 

 he attributed to such factors as local market demands, the availability 

 of particular classes of feed, and the methods consequently adopted in 

 feeding-, and also the idiosyncrasies of individual breeders. For 

 example, in South Africa the demand for lean pork and bacon is 

 jiarticularly strong-, whereas in the colder countries of Europe, and 

 also in America, the demand is more for pork and bacon inclined to 

 the fat side. Furthermore, in America, the fat or lard type of pig is 

 (piite a distinct product of that country owing to the availability and 

 extensive use therefore of such a fattening feed as maize, whereas in 

 England and Europe, particularly in such countries as Denmark, the 



.fc>^V:)^.^'i;'" ^y^i^' 



Hrrkshiie Boar -'liittle John," No. 18U57. (Jhampion nt tlir 

 Society of England Show, 1915. 



il A'ji-ii-iiltiii'al 



smaller grains, such as barley, rye, etc., are more avaihihh', ami 

 consequently more extensively used. 



(h) Breed Characteristics. — The head is of medium size and the 

 face broad, open and gracefully, but not excessively, dished. The 

 jawfs should be stout and prominent. A crooked or badly formed jaw 

 is an imperfection. The neck is short, with a well-developed crest in 

 the case of boars. The ears should be erect, of medium size, and 

 ii'inged with soft silky hair. Distinctly drooping- ears, or ears hanging 

 wide apart are undesirable. However, a slight inclination forward of 

 the ears is not objected to. The shoulders should be obliquely placed, 

 and should not show up too prominently. There is a tendency in 

 Berkshires for the shoulders to be rather wide and coarse, a 

 characteristic which is g-radually being bred out. However, in the 



