252 JOUKNAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AgRICULTUEE. SePT., 1922. 



the lumen. It is advised to remove the blood by first 

 cleansing in cold water. 



id) Always choose a site for the throwing of animals where 

 there will be as little dust as possible. 



(e) Animals seem to stand the injections more satisfactorily 

 when they are not fatigued, e.g. by driving or exertion, in 

 throwing during cool part of day, and, finally, as 

 mentioned above, when the solution is injected slowly. 



Effects of the Drug. Local. — If the injection has been properly 

 carried out, no untoward results are to be feared, and a careful 

 operator may make all his inoculations into the one vein. If, how- 

 ever, tartar emetic has found its way under the skin, a swelling will 

 form, the size depending on the amount of escaped liquid. The 

 follovv'ing day the site of inoculation in such cases will be firm and 

 painful. The termination will be either — 



(a) swelling will gradually become smaller until it finally dis- 

 appears ; 



{b) there will be an increase in size, varying from an egg to 

 a cocoanut, until an abscess is formed ; or 



(c) the swelling will remain circumscribed and firm, and after 

 several months appears to shrink, although never to such 

 an extent that it could not be detected by manipulation. 

 This fact should be borne in mind when cattle are put up 

 for sale. 



Occasionally, m abscess formation and necrosis, the vein itself 

 becomes involved, the walls degenerating and thus necessitating 

 surgical removal of as much as five inches of the blood vessel in bad 

 cases. 



It fresh solntious of the drug are used, swellings are less likely 

 to form. 



Effects of the Drug. General. — In therapeutic doses, apart from 

 the action on the trypanosomes in the blood (which disappear half an 

 hour to three hours after injection) no systematic effects are observed 

 except perhaps a little respiratory distress, or increased pulse rate. 

 If. however, animals have been well handled and all precautions 

 taken, no alarming symptoms should be manifested. 



In doses that are larger than those advised previously, the breath- 

 ing is shallow and hurried, pulse rate increased to over a hundred, 

 trembling of muscles, especially of foreqviarters, lowering of head, 

 sweating, and disinclination to rise or move. 



Number of Injections Recommended. — -In early cases, one dose 

 may be sufiicient, but as a routine measure, five are given. For 

 animals that have survived without treatment, one or two Nagana 

 seasons — October to March, when most cases of natural transmission 

 occur — and are consequently much reduced in stamina, as many as 

 ten inoculations have proved ineffective. There may be a temporary 

 improvement in such cases, but a relapse usually ends in death. 

 Careful observation is always necessary for the most reliable guide 

 as to whether tartar emetic has been effective or not is the condition 

 of the animal. So long as there is improvement all is well, but 



