MaGANA and the TaRTAK EiMETIG TREATMENT. 253 



reinoculations are necessary as soon as one of the many early 

 symptoms of the disease are recognized. It is emphasized that an 

 animal, although improving, may stili act as a reservoir of infection. 

 It is obvious, therefore, that all infected and suspected animals be 

 segregated and treated at weekly intervals while biting flies are 

 abundant. 



In concluding these few remarks on the administration of tartar 

 emetic, I would point out that at the present time, there is as far as 

 I am aware, no other drug to compare with it for the following 

 reasons : — 



(1) Tartar emetic is most efficacious in sterilizing the peri- 



pheral blood stream. 



(2) It is at the same time easilj^ procured. 



(3) It is cheap, being only 6s. 6d. per pound. 



(4) In reliable hands, it is safe. 



(5) It is easily administered. 



(6) Trypanosomes do not appear to acquire resistance to its 



action readily. 



Continued Investigation's Into yVa^awti.— Successful as tartar 

 emetic treatment has been, I still feel that more valuable results can 

 be obtained ; and in this direction it is not unlikely that maximum 

 quantities of tartar emetic, quinine and sodium arsenite, each given 

 on successive days by the intrajugular route wil] be found most bene- 

 ficial. It is hoped to carry out tests witli these drugs as soon as 

 possible. 



In addition to the work carried out in connection with treatment, 

 many experiments have been undertaken to ascertain differences in 

 virulence of various types of trypano.somes, to discover whether infec- 

 tion takes place in utero, also to investigate other matters of scientific 

 importance. 



Roots Getting into Pipes. 



Vitrified clay pipes and cement pdpes are being used considerably 

 now for water mains and drainage pipes from farm buildings, such 

 as stables. If there are any trees growing close to the lines of pipes, 

 and the joints between the tiles have not been properly made the roots 

 of the trees will sooner ot later get into the pipes and so effectively 

 choke the pipes that water will not flow through them any longer. 

 It is therefore important that during the laying of the pipes all the 

 joints be perfectly made. If the tiles are of the " socket-and-spigot " 

 type, a cement mortar should be used at the joints, and the joint well 

 filled in, as otherwise the roots will get through. If the tiles are of 

 the " Hume " pattern, i.e., straight from one end to the other, and 

 they are to be joined by means of a collar or sleeve fitted around and 

 over the junction between the tiles, then the mortar should be well 

 stuffed in the space between the pipe and the collar, for the same 

 reason . 



