270 Journal or the Department of Agriculture. — Sept., 1922. 



No. (7) sliows the effect of using- machined timber and well-braced 

 shuttering". 



Mr. Groldie's averag-e of work accomplished confirms the writer's 

 own experience that tlirea boys should do two cubic yards of well- 

 rammed walling- per working- day of nine hours, and, owing' to the 

 heavy nature of the work, a wage of 3s. per day per boy is reasonable. 



The following' is a list of the usual everyday questions with 

 answers : — - 



Question No. 1 : What type of earth must I use for pise-de-terre? 



Answer: A soil which contains very little clay (less than 25 

 l)er cent, g-ood). 



Mechanical analysis of two earths used in pise-de-terre by C. 

 Williams, B.Sc, A.R.C.S., School of Ag-riculture, Cedara : — 



No. 1, Good. No. 2, Fair. 



Sample from F. A. Sample from School of 

 Dumat's Farm. Agriculture Farm. 



Per cent. Per cent. 



Coarse gravel Nil. 10.8 



Fine material TOO 89.2 



Analysis of Fine Material : 



Hyg-roscopic moisture 1.3 3.9 



Org-anic or volatile matter 4.G 10. T 



Fine g-ravel 1.1 9.9 



Coarse sand 6.1 2.6 



Fine sand 13.9 13.5 



Silt 22.6 10.7 



Fine silt 41.1 22.5 



Clay S.4 25.1 



Question No. 2 : What thickness of material must I place within 

 the shuttering- previous to ramming-? 



Answer : Not more than 4| inches and not less than 2 inches. 

 Question No. 3 : What kind of rammers must I use? 



Answer: Pise-de-terre means compressed earth, and to obtain 

 best results you must have weighty rammers; rammers similar 1(> 

 those in the plaii* or those used by Mr. Goldie [see photograph No. 

 (4)] will compress the earth to perfection. Rammer marked 4, 

 when used as a finisher, will do excellent woik and replace the 

 bricklayer's hammer. 



Question No. 4: How should the ramming be done? 



Answer : As far as possible the boys should not use their rammers 

 in unison, but alternating. 



Question No. 5: How can I tell when tlie earth is properly 

 rammed ? 



Answer: If one follows the advice of not placing^ too much 

 material within the moulds (4| inches) one will very soon learn to 

 know by the sound of the rammers. 



* See previous article, April, 1922, Journal. 



