The Control of Red Scale in Pear Orchards. 341 



(b) One half-pound of calcium caseinate in 40 gallons of concen- 

 trated linie-sulpliur, diluted to 5 deajrees Beaume (1-8) will control 

 red scale considerably more effectively than the same mixture with 

 calcium caseinate omitted. 



(f) A dormant si)ray of concentrated lime-sulphuv of 4 degrees 

 Beaume, followed by two foliage sprays of 1 degree Beaume or 

 slightly less ^(diluted 1-50) will effectively control red scale. 



(J) Concentrated lime-sulphur diluted to 1 degree Beaume or 

 slightly less causes some burning of foliage even in coastal regions, 

 but evidently not sufficient to affect the crop. It cannot be recom- 

 mended in inland districts, and should be applied with caution in 

 coastrtl regions. 



(e) South African manufactured miscible oil, diluted 1-18, con- 

 trolled red scale during 1921-22 fruit season as effectively as one 

 dormant spray of concentrated lime-sulphur of 4 degrees Beaume 

 (1-10) followed l)y two foliage sprays of concentrated lime-sulphur of 

 approximately 1 degree Beaume, applied at the time of the first two 

 codling sprays. Miscible oil is, however, considerably more expensive, 

 and especially when a fungicide must be used as a foliage spray. 



Suggestions concerning; Spray Programme. 



Spray pioyramme for pear varieties infested witli red scale, 

 fusicladiuia, and codling-iihoth. — For such varieties, e.g. possibly 

 Louise Bonne and Foielle, a most economical and effective spray 

 calendar, as well as one not likely to cause burning, is as follows : — 

 First spray — concentrated lime-sulphur of 5 degrees Beaume (diluted 

 1-9 if Capex is used), applied as late in winter as possible, but before 

 the buds open ; 2nd spray — concentrated lime-sulphur of 1 degree 

 Beaume (diluted 1-40), applied when flower-buds are green and 

 clustered ; 3rd spray — concentrated lime-sulphur, diluted 1-50, applied 

 when the flower-buds are pink and separated, but not open; 4th 

 spray — 11 lb. lead arsenate po^^•der in 50 gallons of bordeaux (4-4-50 

 formula), applied as soon as practically all petals have dropped ; 5th 

 spray — lA lb. of lead arsenate powder in 50 gallons of bordeaux 

 (4-4-50 formula), applied ten days later than the fourtli spray. The 

 later sprays, for codling-moth control only, should consist of Ij lb. of 

 lead arsenate powder in 40 gallons of water. 



Spraij proynnuine for pear varieties badly infested with red scale 

 or bryobia mite and codliny-moth, but not infested with fusicladimn, 

 e.g. possibly Kieffer and Duchesse. — 1st spray — miscible oil, applied 

 as late in winter as possible, but before buds open; 2nd spray — 1\ lb. 

 lead arsenate powder in 40 gallons of water, applied as soon as all 

 petals have dropped. All later applications for codling-moth control 

 should consist of the same material as the second spray. 



An alternative spray programme for such varieties, which would 

 cost a little less, but which, during some seasons, might result in a 

 little bui'uing of foliage, would be: — 1st spray — concentrated lime- 

 sulphur 4 degrees Beaume (e.g Capex 1-9) ; 2nd spray — 1:^ lb. lead 

 arsenate powder in 40 gallons of water, applied when the petals have 

 dropped ; 3rd spray — Ih ib. lead arsenate powder in 50 g*allons of 

 concentrated lime-sulphur, diluted 1-50, applied ten days to two 



