350 KAMAEICm KLSHEsOUYE : 



in Grammatorojmis bilineaivs, to the 6tli in Cijlium nipliaiman, to tlie 5th 

 and 6th in Sarda cn-ientcdis, to the 5th in Gijmnosarda imda, t-j the 5th iu 

 TJiwinus germo, to the 5th and 6th iu Tliumms orienkdis and Xeothwinus 

 macropte)-us, and to the 6th in Parcdhunnus melacM and Auxis. 



In the Scombridac and Cybiidae weak short slender tendons ai"e developed 

 from the root of each horizontal a^wphysis obliquely forward aloug the lx)rder 

 of each myotome and are firmly attached to the ventral side of the distal end 

 of the preceding apophysis and intereect with hgameuts ruuuing aloug those 

 processes. In the PIccostei these tendons are much Ixitter develoiml, lieiug 

 longer and more obhquelj- inclined, especially at the auterior and postei'ior euds 

 of the body. These tendons are split into two sheets of fine fibres at the 

 apex of the intermuscular bones, and the sheets run dorsalwfaxl aloug the axial 

 sides of the su^serficial dark coloured muscle. These sheets are ti'ansformed to 

 the myocommata. The lateral tendons are not found fivmi the middle j)art of 

 the lateral keel iu the caudal portion. 



Dr. NoBiO Ogata (58) found that the alcoholic extract fi'om the chiai 

 iwrtion of the muscle is valuable as an antigen in Wasserjiank's reaction for 

 sypliilis. In the Thiiunidae the dorsal auterior end of the stomach is connected 

 with the roof of the body-cavity by means of a short, slender, median muscle. 



In the teleosteau fishes the quantity of flesh amounts to less thau sist>' 

 pei'cent of the total Meight of the l)ody. but iu the Plecostei it is more thau 

 seventy percent, especially abundant in Thunnus germo, as iu this species the 

 dorsal wall of the abdominal ca^-ity is convex. This abimdauce of flesh is due 

 to the ruiiTowness of the visceral cavity, or the great development of the 

 liypaxial portion of muscle iu the jirecaudal region. Mr. G. Yuasa of the 

 Los Angeles Sea Food Packing Co. told me that 1 ton of Thunnus germo 

 produces 45 cases of canned meat, %\ hile from Nwthunnus macrapterua only 37 

 cases are produced. 



lilGAlMENTS AND TENDONS. 



As the so-called scombroid fishes are generally jtctive swimmei-s, they are 

 rich in ligaments and tendons, wliich are best develo^ied aud most comphcat«! 

 in the Plecostei. A well develo^jcd ligament geuei'ally present iu teleostomatous 

 fishes connects the shoulder-girdle with the axial skeleton. I shall distinguish 



