404 KAJI-UvlLlII KISHIXOUXE: 



tbo IkkIv jire nrrauged in nearly horizontal rows, while those in the venti-al 

 lifilf :ire arranged in obliqu3 rows, more or less parallel to the reuti-al median 

 Hue (/f the caudal region, i. e. ventral outline. 



Air-bladder large and fusiform, pointed at lioth ends. Pyloric coeca near 

 the pylonis are longer and more numerous than those removed fi'om it. The 

 pyloric portion as well as the duodenum are ascending, the latter runs &-oru left 

 ta right, occupying the moSj anterior border of the abdominal cavity. At the 

 right comer of the cavity the duodenum passes to the small intestine, which 

 runs backward, then bent forward, a little before the auus, and it is lieut again 

 btickwtu'd. A little liehind the second bend tin small intestine ends and is fol- 

 lowed by tlie rectmn. 



A1x)ut three small veins fi'om the pyloric coeca form the portal veins ; two 

 veins ruuniug upon the doreal surface of the stomach do not form the hepatic 

 portal veins, but poiar directly to the ductus Cnvieri. 



A fi'ee spine before the anal is about one fourth the length of the fii-st anal 

 spine. Each dorsal or anal finlet is sometimes connected with the Ijody by 

 a membrane behind it. 



Dark brandling zigzag bands, about thiiiy in number, are found in the back. 

 The uumter of these bands is nearly the same as that of the vei"tebrae and their 

 coiu^se generaUy corresponds or coincides vnth the contour line between myo- 

 tomes. Back bluish green, the colour Ijecoming lighter towai'ds the tail. Belly 

 silvery white with irridescent hghts. Fins greyish more or less washed with 

 yellow. The space between the posterior nostril and the eye is nearly coloiu-- 

 less and transparent. The dorsal fins and dorsal finlets, ]^)ectorals, and the caudal 

 are greyish, and sometimes washed with yellow-. The ventrals, anal, and anal 

 finlets are colourless. 



Among our common mackerel we find two diffei-ent t^-jDes which fishermen 

 distinguish luider the names of " hh-asaba " and " marusaba ", meaning res- 

 IJectively flat and round. In the internal sti'ucture we can hardly distinguish 

 them ; but in some external ehai'acters and liabitat they differ more or less. A 

 comparison of fig. 28 with fig. 29 will give the reader a very good idea of these 

 diflerences. However, as there are many intermediate forms between these two tyjoes 

 of forms, I can not take them as different species. In the tj-pical lurasaba we 

 coimt 9 spines in the first dorsal, while there are 11-12 in the typical maru- 



