COSrPARATIVE STUDY OF SCOMBROID FLSHES. 415 



cuLitiiig fiicots of till' oxoccipitiils uro neiirly hoi'izoiitjil processes uot iniihtl 

 at tho uiiddlo, thoy iirnjivt l)iwkw!ircl uver the ttmdyLir fiicet. The neural 

 pn>otss of S'.ime iiutorior verttibrac is uoticeiil)ly broiid. 



Stoiuiicb coochI, rntlitr sliort, with nUmt niuo longitudiiuil fokls iusido. 

 Pyloric portion desceLdiiig, sliort, iiud thick •walltKl, with aliont five longitudiuid 

 folds iuside. Duodmuni (il>liqiKl\- d»>scendiug. Pylt>ric cmca sliort, numerous 

 and brauchiug. These are more or less gi'ou^jed into several clustei-s, chieflj' 

 »UTiiugod on s^xH-iiil tuliular outgrowths. Posterior iuto the duodenum the 

 iut<>stiiio is lu'iu-ly sti'aight. The liver is tlueivlobcd, the middle lobe shortest, 

 whik- tlu> right loU; is longest, l^i'etors are uniteid at the posterior eud of the 

 blended kidneys. Urinary bladder small, with a short dorsal median septum, 

 near the anterior end. Air-bLadder well developed. 



Tlie vulgar native ol this fish is kusai'ah in Kyukyu, meaning ^x-rishable, 

 as tlu> iisli decomposes very quickly. The fish is said to be inferior in taste. 

 Specimens examined were &v>m the MarehiiU aud Kyukyu Islands. Most of 

 thorn are about tliiiiy cm. iu the tohil leugtli. 



Genus Cybium Cuvier. 



Cybium. Cuvier, 182D, Günther, 196 '. 



Si-omberomorus, Lacepede, 1802 ; Dressier & Fesler, 1889 ; .Jorclnu .t Evermnuu, 1896. 



Body elongatefl and more tir loss compressed, covered with thin small 

 scales, or sometimes naked outside of tho corselet. Top of the head more or less 

 convex. Posterior nostrils ellii)tical. Mouth large, up^xr jaw extending lieyond 

 the hind margin of the eye. Posterior end of the up^xjr jaw rounded, and its 

 lower margin nearly straight, Ijeiug formed by the premaxillary only. Teeth 

 large, compressed, and curveil inward with trenchant edges. Gill-rakers fe.v 

 and short. Dentigerou? ossicles on the branchial arch are in two rows. Skull 

 elongated, with its dorsal surface somewhat flatteued, aud entirely covered 

 witli muscles. Occipital crest low, luit continuous to tho median ridge of the 

 frontfls. Vüiu£;r projexits iVi an oval flat process, and is covei-etl witii villous 

 teeth. Pylorus long and slender. Pjdoric coeca dendritic, mor(> or loss coaree, 

 and üjjen to branches arranged on both sides of pyloric tubules. 



Fishes l)elongiug to tliis genus are geneiv.lly Lirge, and move iu shoals, 

 iuliabitiug temperate aud tropical regions, whore industries of some im^xn-tp^nce 



