426 KAMAKICHI KISHINOUYE: 



vertebrae is 22 + 22. The dark sti-ipes in the back are fewer, and more 

 oblique in S. chilensis, and much wider apart than in S. orienialis. 



Genus Gymnosarda Grül. 



Gymnosnrilft, Gill, 1862. 



Body long, fusiform with a large head. Mouth large, but the maxillary 

 does not reach beyond the orbit. Eyes large. Scales in the corselet elongated, 

 and concealed under the skin. Outside of the corselet and the base of the 

 fins the skin is entirely naked. Lateral line undulating. Teeth in jaws 

 large, curved, and nearly conical. Villous teeth ou the tongue and palatines, 

 but the vomer is toothless. Caudal portion very slender with a well developed 

 keel on each side. 



First vei-tebra is very short. Cross-section of caudal vertebrae is more or 

 less cruciate, but the lower end of the perpendicular hmb is always bipai-tite. 

 Anterior precaudal vertebrae with three venti'al grooves. In external ap- 

 pearance fishes of this genus are closely related to tunnies. 



Pelagic fish of voracious habit, and of somewhat lai'ge size in the 

 littoral waters of the tropical region, chiefly Indo-Pacific ; but a species is 

 recorded from European waters, — the Mediten-anean and the North Sea. In spite 

 of gi-eat differences in external characters, as well as in the internal anatomy, 

 many authors confounded this genus with the genera Katsutootms and Eidhyn- 

 nus of the Katsuwonidae. 



Gymnosarda nuda (Giinther). 

 Isomagviro (Ogasawara Is.), tokakiu (ßyukj'u Is.). 



Tl.ijnaiiS (rdiiimjs) unlcolor, Rippel, N. W. Fisc'j.. 40, Taf. 12, Fig. 1. 1838. 



Pelumys muhi, Crunther, Cat. Brit. Miis. II, 388, IS.'.O ; Kiunzinger, Fisch, d. Roth. Meer., 



110, 1884. 

 Gymnosarda nuda, Kishinonye, Sui. Gnk. Ho, I, 13, PI. 1. Fig, 8, 1915. 



D. 14, 13, 7. A. 12, 6. GUI-rakers 2 + 10. Vert. 19 + 19. 



Body fusifoi-m, entirely naked outside of the small corselet. Head com- 

 paratively large and the caudiil peduncle very slender. As the scales of tlie 

 corselet are concealed imder the skin, small wrinkles are found arotmd the pecto- 

 rals, and several longitudinal furrows on both sides of the dorsals. Lower jaw 

 broad. Teeth in the upper jaw jue 18-23, and in the lower jaw 10-16. 



