OOMPABATIVE STUDY OF SCOMBROID FISHES. 443 



rartscles and eutaucfnis arteries. lüduej-s are prolonged iK)steriorly to the 

 segment of the thii-tecutli vertohra. Ureters of lx)th sides mu side by side in 

 the naiTow ^xirtion of tlie kidneys, and become ooufluout jiist at tlie posterior 

 end of tliem. 



Venules to tlie cutaneous vein are an'angcd iu two alternate rows. Those 

 of the exterior side pvss owy the cutaneous artery after joining many minute 

 canals iu tlie chiai plexus, and those of the inferior side unite to the cutaneous 

 vein, just after joining minute canals. Aiierioles from the cutaneoiB artery 

 are aiTanged m two rows, one row on the remotest side from the iiccom- 

 jianying cutaneous vein, the other on the nearest side to the vein. Aiterioles 

 iu Üie foiTuer row arc neai'ly twice more numerous, but small ei' than those 

 in the latter row. Thus two sheets of vascular plexus ai-e foi'med from 

 groujis of the two rows of both aiterioles and venules. Cutaneous arteries are 

 sent from the dorsal aoitii just Mow the eighth vertebra. Tlie posterior 

 cardinal vein is insignificant. Segmental veins in the ijrecaudal region and 

 iu some anterior caudal segments runnitg towards the vertebral column are 

 divided up into minute vesseLs there. Venoiis blood from these vessels seen 

 to be taken up by capilLiries of tlie dark red portion of the lateral muscle. 



Intestine longer than in the other Japanese timnies, the third bend of it 

 i-eachcs nearly the fii-st. Tlu'ee lobes of the Uver are thick, and tiiangular. 

 Only a few, short, sparingly branched venules on the external surfiice of the 

 middle and left lobes. Bulbous masses of vascular plexus ai'e found on the 

 inner side of the Hver. These masses are slender and elongated, as the 

 aiieries in them take no part in the formation of the plexus, but run through 

 them nearly straight. 



Preopercle higher tkau broad, and the intero^^ercle is nearly as high as 

 broad. Haemal spines iu the precaudil region ai-e mther long. Pai-apophyses 

 well developed, long, flattened at the distal end. They ai'e directed downward 

 fi-om the ninth vertebra, and form the haemal arch from the tenth vertebra. 

 Caudal vertebrae not so weD developed as in other tunnies. 



Back nearly black to greyish blue, sides silveiy, and the iris silvery with 

 bluisli tint. Dorsal fins greyish, tingetl yellow at the mai^in or the tip, 

 finlets yellow. Pectomls are black at the doi-sal side, but greyish at the 

 venti-al side, and the tip is sometimes washed witli yellow. Ventrals are 



