and Laboratory Methods. 2149 



CYTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, 



AND 



MICROSCOPICAL METHODS. 



AGNES M. CLAYPOLE, Throop Polytechnic Institute. 



Separates of Papers and Books on Animal Biology should be sent for Review to Agnes M. Claypole, 



55 S. Marengo Avenue, Pasadena, Cal. 



Hesse, Fried. Zur Kenntniss der Granula der This work gave the author the chance 

 Zellen des Knochnenmarkes, bez. der Leuco- r . ,• ti i- i i ^i r i 



cyten. Anat. Anz. 18: 452-461, 1902. ^^ testing Lhrhch's theory of granular 



leucocytes. The theory in brief is, 

 that granular leucocytes form an important group of white blood cells. These 

 granular cells are divided according to the granules found in the protoplasmic 

 body. The kind of granule is determined by the use of a definite fixation (heat) 

 and staining process (triple stain). It is axiomatic that the staining process 

 with dry preparations is due to a chemical change. Different granules stain 

 differently owing to their chemical natures and are recognized as basophile, 

 acidophile, neutrophile, amphophile, forming definite series without transition 

 forms. More than this, certain forms of granules are found to be characteristic 

 of certain animals and in others another kind is their equivalent. Such are the 

 pseudo eosinophile granules in the rabbit with the corresponding neutrophile 

 form in man. The author used for his studies dry preparations of bone marrow 

 from the rabbit, which was treated exactly according to Ehrlich's process. The 

 dry preparations were fixed either in ether-alcohol or alcohol at 100°, 120°, 140° 

 C, treated with glycerine and aqueous staining solutions of eosin, indulin, 

 aurantia, orange G., with solutions of eosin-indulin-glycerine, Erlich's triple gly- 

 cerine mixture, methylen-blue or dahlia, or else after first staining in eosin or 

 aurantia counterstaining with methylen-blue or with triacid. Lastly, Laurent's 

 eosin-methylen-blue with anilin oil, xylol differentiation. The following results 

 were obtained from rabbit bone marrow : (1) Both in similar and different cells 

 and within a single cell there are wide variations in eosinophile and psuedo- 

 eosinophile granules as to size, form, refraction, and number. (2) There is 

 a difference in intensity of staining of the granules within a single cell on the 

 use of a single stain as well as one produced by the use of a mixed stain. 

 (3) In equivalent cells there is frequently a difference of stain of the intergran- 

 ular protoplasm. (4) Temperature causes reagents to act differently on gran- 

 ules of different cells and those in a single cell. 



The author's conclusions are: (1) That Ehrlich's classification of leucocyte 

 granules dependent on color-analysis is undemonstrable. (2) There are not 

 only differences of granule stains according to the reagents and processes used 

 and different kinds of granules within a single cell, but transition forms can 

 be found. (3) The dependence of micro-chemical reaction of many granules 

 upon the definite experimental or pathological processes to which leucocytes are 

 subject, and upon the changes due to karykinesis account for some of the differ- 

 ences. (4) Since, on account of transition forms, it is impossible to make a 

 classification of leucocytes according to differential staining, the conclusion is 

 necessitated that the granular leucocytes are all of one nature, but possess an 

 extraordinary power of repair and adaptability, especially in regard to the gran- 

 ules contained within the cells. (5) Evidence is strongly in favor of the con- 

 clusion that these granules are essential structural parts of the cells and have a 

 far-reaching influence on resorption, assimilation and secretion. A. m. c. 



