*2246 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



Meisenheimer, J. Beitrage zur Entwicklungs- g ^^^j-g j^^ed in cold Hermann's and 

 geschichte per Pantopoden. I. Die Ent- °" 



wicklung von Ammothca echinata Hodge bis in Zenker's fluids, and both gave good 

 zur Ausbildung der Larvenform. Zeitsch. fixation. The former, however, black- 

 f. wiss. Zool. 7z : 191-248; Taf. 13-10, 1902. 



ened the yolk granules so intensely 



that the nuclei and cell boundaries were obscured. The use of iron haema- 

 toxylin was avoided for the reason that it also stained the yolk so deeply as to 

 obscure other structures. After many experiments with stains, Mayer's h^emalum 

 was found to be the most satisfactory stain, since it left the yolk almost 

 colorless, while nuclei and cell boundaries were sharply marked out. Alum 

 carmine was used for /// foto preparations. Hoffmann's method of orienting these 

 small objects was employed to secure sections in definite planes. c. a. k. 



Strong, R. M. The Development of the De- Remiges of Sterna hirundo plucked 

 finitive Feather. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. . ^, 1 • 1 r 1 • 



40: 147-184, 9 pis., 1902. f^^o"^ the young bird were fixed m 



picro-sulphuric mixture or Hermann's 

 fluid, the latter giving better fixation. For infiltration of this material, and of 

 dry feathers with paraffin, the chloroform method was used. Other clearing 

 agents caused the sections to fall out of the ribbon. Feather germs require 2-5 

 days' infiltration in melted paraffin. Twelve hours suffices for dry feathers. 

 Hard paraffin (135°F.) or paraffin to which 5 per cent, resin was added, was 

 employed, and with this it was possible to secure 2 // sections. Cornified por- 

 tions of the sections, especially of those as much as ten micra in thickness, tend to 

 curl and spring from the ribbon, and with osmic acid material it is necessary to 

 use, in addition to the albumen fixative, a film of collodion, applied immediately 

 after the xylol is removed. Kleinenberg's 70 per cent, alcohol haematoxylin was 

 used for staining, and followed by eosin, which reddens cornifying tissues. 

 Teased preparations of Hermann's material similarly stained in toto were found 

 to be very instructive. c. a. k. 



Ikeda, I. Observations on the Development, Colonies of PJwronis ijimai were found 

 Structure, and Metamorphosis of Actino- 



trocha. Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ., under overhanging ledges of rocks 



Tokyo, Japan, 13: 507-592, pls. 25-30, 1901. accessible at low tide. Mature sexual 



elements were found from November to June, and during the greater part of the 

 year eggs and young embryos were found clustered in " embryonal masses," 

 adhering to the lophophoral crown of the adult on either side of the median 

 line. Stages from fertilization to the early larva were secured here. Older 

 larvas were taken in the surface tow-net. Saturated solution of corrosive subli- 

 mate in 1 per cent, acetic acid or Flemming's fluid was used for fixing 

 material. Delafield's haematoxylin, with eosin or safranin for counter-stain, was 

 used for staining sections. c. a. k. 



Beguin, Felix. Contribution a I'etude histolo- The mucus membrane of the intestine 

 gique du tube digestif des Reptiles. Rev. changes very quickly after death, SO 

 Suisse Zool. 10 : 251-399, pis. 4-9, 1902. °_ . . 



that tissues for histological prepara- 

 tions must be fixed immediately, or while still living if possible. The author 

 used sublimate -f- 10 per cent, glacial acetic acid for 30 minutes or less, or 

 picro-nitric for 2 hours, or Zenker's fluid. For maceration in 30 per cent, alco- 

 hol tissues were prepared in 1 per cent, osmic acid. For staining, Mayer's 

 acetic haemalum was used with counterstain of eosin, safranin, or Bismarck 

 brown. Borax carmine was also counterstained with Bismarck brown. The 

 eosin serves to define cell contours, and the safranin or Bismarck brown color 

 the least trace of mucus in the cells. c. a. k. 



