2286 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



would be found. Although division may be induced by ether, this method was 

 very little used. 



The following are some of the conclusions : 



The growth of a cell which has a superabundance of nuclear material is more 

 vigorous than that of the ordinary uni-nucleate cell. The cell wall, the chroma- 

 tophores and, apparently, the protoplasm also grow more vigorously. Such cells 

 divide only after they have reached a noticeably larger size. Non-nucleate cells 

 can grow somewhat in length. The non-nucleate chamber (which is distin- 

 guished from the non-nucleate cell by a larger or smaller opening in the parti- 

 tion separating it from its sister cell with the superabundance of nuclear material) 

 grows more vigorously than the non-nucleate cell. Cells with a superabundance 

 of nuclear material can conjugate with each other or with ordinary cells and the 

 size of the zygospore is in direct relation to the size of the conjugating cells. 



c. J. c. 



Reed, H. S. The Development of the Macro- The archesporial cell gives rise to a 

 sporangium of Yucca fihmicniosa. Bot. tapetal Cell and four megaspores, the 

 Gazette, 35: 209-214, 5 figs., 1903. ^ . or-' 



latter usually in a row, although occa- 

 sionally the two nearest the micropyle lie side by side. There is an abundant 

 secretion from cells of the funiculus. The secretion is regarded as a substance 

 not nutritive in itself, but as a medium through which the substance capable of 

 attracting pollen tubes diffuses outward toward the micropyle. 



Flemming's weaker solution and Worcester's killing fluid were used for fixing. 

 Since the latter solution is not familiar to most botanists, the formula may be of 

 interest : 



Mercuric chloride, saturated aqueous solution 96 parts 

 Formalin (40 per cent, formaldehyde) - 4 parts 



Acetic acid, 10 per cent. . . . . K) parts 

 Formic acid to each liter solution - - 5 drops 



Material should be washed in 70 per cent, alcohol. 



It is evident that this solution would penetrate and fix even more rapidly 

 than the usual mercuric chloride solutions. It seems to be worth a test. 



c. J. c. 



Cavers, F. On Saprophytism and Mycorhiza in Fungi inhabiting Hepaticffi are divided 



Hepaticae. New Phytologisi,2: 30-'? 1;, 190^. . ^ , , . ^, ^1 ^ 



^ ./ o J jj. ^ J jj^jQ j.^Q classes; viz., those that 



attack the sporogonium and those that live exclusively in the tissues of the 

 gametophyte. A careful investigation of the life history of the fungi in several 

 species of liverworts showed that the infected sporogonia, as a rule, remain im- 

 perfectly developed, showing a few irregular divisions and remaining abortive, 

 while the capsule is filled with fungus hyphas and spores. The conclusion is 

 that in such cases the relation is one of pure parasitism. 



In Conocephahis {Fegatelld) conicus and some others, the presence of the 

 fungus in the tissues produced a more luxuriant liverwort, appearing to form a 

 mycorhiza, causing the liverwort to become largely saprophytic. The conclusion 

 is that in many cases the relation of fungus and liverwort is one of symbiosis. 

 It is suggested that the presence of sphagnol in the tissues of Conocephahis and 

 others serves to regulate the growth of fungus and prevents symbiosis from pass- 

 ing over into saprophytism. J. F. Garber. 

 Chicago. 



