2340 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



and megaspore mother-cells the spindle is extra-nuclear in origin, and it appears 

 while the nucleus is still in the resting stage. The spindle soon becomes bipolar 

 and in its behavior recalls the spindle in the spermatogonia of the salamander. 

 The formation of the membranes of the four young spores is peculiar, and, in 

 spite of the attention which has been given to the subject, a conclusive account 

 has not yet appeared. From the cytoplasm of the young spore, two membranes 

 are formed one after the other. At first they grow in contact with each other, 

 but the outer membrane, by a more rapid growth, becomes separated from the 

 other and a space appears between them. The inner^ — the mesospore— -does not 

 arise by a mere splitting of the outer layer, or exospore, as some have supposed. 

 The delicate wall formed around each of the four young spores at the division 

 of the spore mother-cell is dissolved. c. j. c. 



Mobius, M. Botanisch-mikroskopisches Prak- This book contains eighteen exercises, 

 tikum fiir Anfanger. Svo, pp. ix -(- 121. each intended to occupy about three 



Gebriider Borntrager. Berlin, IQC?. , t^- .• • r 1 



hours. Directions are given for mak- 

 ing 65 preparations, 42 of which are Phanerogams and 25 Cryptogams. Almost 

 without exception, the methods are those employed for examining fresh mate- 

 rial, no microtome being used and almost no attention being given to embed- 

 ding, staining, etc. In this country, subject matter like that contained in this 

 book is usually presented by the teacher in the laboratory. c. j. c. 



CYTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, 



AND 



MICROSCOPICAL METHODS. 



AGNES M. CLAYPOLE, Throop Polytechnic Institute. 



Separates of Papers and Books on Animal Biology should be sent for Review to Agnes M. Claypole, 



55 S. Marengo Avenue, Pasadena, Cal. 



Holmgren, Nils. Studien ueber.Cuticularbild- The author has already shown in a 

 ungen. Anat. Anz., 22 : 14-20,1002. . ...,.-. 



previous paper (review in this JOURNAL 



for Dec, 1902) that the striated border in certain cells is only a transformed ciliary 

 surface. He continues his studies on the mouth-shield skin and mid-gut epi- 

 thelium of CJuetoderma nitidiilum. All material was fixed in Perenyi's, Flem- 

 ming's, or sublimate solutions, and stained in iron-hematoxylin with congo-red. 

 The mouth cuticle shows a thin cuticle overlying a wide striated border ; beneath 

 there is a layer of nearly cubical cells with a very perfect and distinct row of 

 blepharoblasts along their outer margins. The author shows this striated 

 border to be the cuticularized cilia. The thin outer cuticle is believed to be a 

 true secretion product. The cuticle of the body skin is for the most part struc- 

 tureless and seems clearly a product of the matrix cells. In certain parts of the 

 hypodermis there are, however, anomalous cells and cuticle formation. In these^ 

 which occur more numerously at the anterior end of the animal, can be seen in 

 iron-hematoxylin preparation an outer layer of deeply stained granules, from 



