and Laboratory Methods. 2373 



The following books will be found useful in studying these plants : 



The Mushroom Book, Nina Marshall, Doubleday, Page & Co., N. Y. $3.00. 

 (For beginners.) 



Mushrooms and Their Use (50c.), C. H. Peck. Cambridge Botanical Supply 

 Co., Cambridge, Mass. 



Moulds, Mildews, and Mushrooms, L. M. Underwood. Henry Holt & Co., 

 New York. 



One Thousand American Fungi, Chas. Mcllvaine. Bowen-MerriJl Co., 

 Indianapolis, Ind. $5.00. 



Bulletin 208 Mich. Agricl. College Exp. Sta., Michigan Mushrooms (Morels 

 and Puff-balls), B. O. Longyear. (Free on application to Secy. Mich. Agricl. 

 College.) B. O. Longyear. 



Michigan Agricultural College. 



Collecting and Preserving Lichens. 



The collection and preservation of lichens is a comparatively easy matter. 

 No herbarium insect ever destroys or injures them. Some of the larger, folia- 

 ceous forms, like Usneas, Ramalinas, Parmelias, Peltigeras and others require a 

 little pressure until dry, so that when placed in pockets they will lie flat. 

 Lichens may be collected at any and all times. Some of the species will be seen 

 anywhere outside the denser part of our cities. No careful search is necessary 

 for the more common sorts, for they grow on the bark of many trees, wooden and 

 stone fences, decaying wood, rocks, and soils. Often as many as twenty species 

 may be found within reach on the bark of a single tree. They are most con- 

 spicuous on rainy days. Most people call them mosses. If the lichen is grow- 

 ing on wood or soil a thin-bladed knife will remove it without any of the 

 substance on which it is growing, but often a shaving of bark or soil is neces- 

 sary to hold the specimen together. This is especially true in case of some of the 

 •low forms, which are noticed only as light-colored bands sprinkled with tiny 

 black specks part way around the trunks of young hard maples and red oaks. 

 When the lichen is on rock, if a knife will not remove the lichen without break- 

 ing too much, a piece of the rock must be chipped off, or when found on peb- 

 bles along the road or elsewhere, the whole thing is collected. Paper bags 

 made to hold two pounds or less are convenient in the field. They can be pur- 

 chased for a few cents of any groceryman. The time and place of collecting may 

 be indicated on the bag, the material slipped in and the bag closed up and put 

 into the vasculum or basket. After each collecting trip each different bag of 

 material should receive a serial number and this number should accompany 

 every part of that material wherever it goes. This number should be recorded 

 in a book where everything desirable to be known about that material should be 

 recorded. The same species may be under several different numbers. If two 

 species are found under the same number, one should be given a new number 

 and appropriate note made. If the locality, date, collector, number and other 

 proper records are made at the time of collecting, the name of the lichen may be 



