2482 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



Metchnikoff's phagocytic cells, serves to destroy micro-organisms and convert 

 their toxins and other albuminoid poisons into harmless products. Considered 

 jointly, these various factors seem to us to represent the aggregate of vita 

 phenomena." Such, in barest outline, is the standpoint of the work. Some 

 idea of its scope may be gained from the chapter headings. These are : I. The 

 Physiology of the Adrenals as Viewed from the Standpoint of Clinical Pathology. 

 II. The Internal Secretion of the Adrenals in its Relations to the Respiratory 

 Processes and the Composition of the Blood. III. The Internal Secretion of 

 the Adrenals in its Relations to the General Oxidation Processes. IV. The 

 Internal Secretions of the Thyroid and Thymus Glands in their Relations to the 

 Adrenals. V. The Anterior Pituitary Body, the Thyroid Gland, and the Adrenals 

 as Parts of an Autonomous System. VI. The Adrenal System and Vasomotor 

 Functions. VII. The Adrenal System, the General Motor System, and the 

 Pneumogastric Nerve. VIII. The Internal Secretions of the Pancreas and 

 Spleen. IX. The Adrenal and Vagal Systems in their Relations to Cardiac and 

 Pulmonary Functions. X. The Posterior Pituitary as the Functional Center 

 of the Nervous System, and as the Anterior Pituitary's Co-center in Sustaining 

 the Vital Processes. XI. The Internal Secretions in their Relation to Immunity. 

 XII. The Internal Secretions and the Preservation of Life. 



The work as a whole may be characterized as an analysis and subsequent 

 synthesis, from the above quoted point of view, of a really enormous mass of 

 the literature of physiology and pathology. In fact, practically the only evidence 

 brought forward by Sajous in support of his theory is evidence gleaned from the 

 literature, which, as every one knows, is not the best of material for constructive 

 purposes, when one wishes to build up a sound hypothesis. 



Leaving aside the question of opinion as to the value of the conclusions of 

 this book, the reviewer has found it very interesting and suggestive reading. It 

 will undoubtedly prove useful to all biologists, using the term in its widest 

 sense, as a careful digest of a great mass of literature dealing directly and indi- 

 rectly with the subjects under discussion. " Special pharmacodynamics and 

 physiological pathology " will form the subject matter of the second volume 

 of the work. r. p. 



Knight, A. P. Sawdust and Fish Life. Trans. The author has performed a number of 

 Can. Inst. 7 : 1-42, loo^. . , , . ^ 



experiments to settle the question of 



the effect on fish of the mill waste which is discharged into many freshwater 

 ponds and streams. He found that concentrated extracts (aqueous) of white 

 pine sawdust and of cedar sawdust were highly poisonous to various forms of 

 aquatic life, including fish and a number of invertebrates. If the water lying 

 above such a concentrated solution of sawdust and into which the solution has 

 not diffused, is well aerated fish will live in it as well as in any water. The ex- 

 tracts from sawdust of other woods than pine and cedar, including maple, oak, 

 ash, elm, hemlock, spruce, and others are much less poisonous. The author 

 shows that a number of conditions must be taken into account and thoroughly 

 understood before any given stream can be said to be poisoned with sawdust. 



R. P 



