2488 



Journal of Applied Microscopy 



will be the benefit of the work to him. Most of the bones are modeled as iso- 

 lated objects, but some of them, preferably the more fragile ones, like the fibula, 

 may be modeled on a base. The skull, the wrist and hand, and the ankle and 

 foot are usually modeled on a base. To model some of the long bones which 

 have naturally only one or two points of contact with the underlying board it is 

 often necessary to support the shaft at short intervals by clay pillars, which 

 remain under it until the model is dry. When the student has completed a 

 specimen the original bone as well as the model is submitted to an instructor. 

 This, too, should be done while the model is still in a plastic state, for a careful 

 comparison of the model with the bone usually reveals the necessity of changes, 

 sometimes quite fundamental. Not infrequently the student carries the model- 

 ing of one or two dimensions nearly to completion without due regard to the 

 others. In order to produce good results it is naturally necessary to bear in 

 mind constantly the relations of one to the other two dimensions. When the 

 bone is finished and accepted by an instructor it is marked with the name or 

 initials of the maker and placed with the remainder of his specimens. The 

 general form and appearance of a model made on a base may often be brought 

 into sharp relief by coating the base with shellac and then with enamel paint or 

 by coating both base and model with shellac and paint of different colors for a 

 contrast. If it is desired to make the models permanent they may be burned 

 like pottery. At the end of the time scheduled for osteology a practical exam- 

 ination is given in which each student is required to model one bone and draw 

 several others entirely from memory. The author exhibits photographs of sam- 

 ples of models made by his students, and so far as can be judged from these 

 pictures, the work is very creditable, both to the students and to the method as 

 a pedagogical discipline. r. p. 



The following tables (from the Jour. 

 Amer. Med. Assoc, March 1, 1902) 

 for the conversion of apothecary's 

 weights and measures to their metric equivalents, may be found useful by lab- 

 oratory workers in general. 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS. 



The Metric Equivalents of Apothecary's 

 Weights and Measures. 



1 grain 

 15.43 grains - 

 1 dram (troy) 

 1 ounce (troy) 



1 minim 

 16 minims 

 1 fluid dram 

 1 fluid ounce 



TABLE OF CAPACITY. 



.065 gram 

 1 gram 

 3.90 grams 

 31 grams 



.061 c. c. 



1 c. c. 



3.75 c. c. 



30 c. c. 



Thus, to convert grains or a fraction of a grain into the corresponding quan- 

 tity in the metric system, multiply the number of grains by .065, and to convert 

 the quantities written in the metric system into their equivalents in grains, divide 

 by .065. 



