and Laboratory Methods. 2535 



used for purposes of plastic reconstruction by Born's method in place of planes 

 of definition. To remedy the deformation caused in reconstruction by irregu- 

 larities in the thickness of the superposed plates, the author arranged them in 

 divisions of equal numbers and pressed them in a vise until they were reduced 

 to the thickness demanded by the magnification. 



A new form of graphic reconstruction designed to show the re/atwe thickness 

 of various parts of the intestinal epithelium is described by the author. Upon 

 a surface drawing of the desired object made at right angles to the plane of the 

 sections there are projected all joints in which the intestinal epithelium has the 

 same thickness. These thicknesses are measured upon drawings of the sections 

 magnified to the same scale as the surface drawing. With a magnification ( f 

 200 diameters, variations of 5// in thickness were followed in the sections and 

 plotted on the surface drawing. By joining the points thus established the 

 curves which limit the fields of intestinal epithelium, differing by 5yu in thick- 

 ness, can be mapped out on the drawing and denoted by depth of tinting. The 

 direction of the axes of spindles of dividing cells was also indicated by short 

 lines when parallel to surface, or by dots when perpendicular to it. Regions of 

 thickening and areas of cell proliferation are thus graphically presented with 

 great effectiveness. c. a. k. 



„ . , , „ ^^ ,. ■ , Ti, In addition to human tissues, those of 



Uogiel, A. S. Nervenendigungen in der Pleura 



des Menschen und der Saugetiere. Arch. f. the dog and cat were Studied. A ^/j^ 



mik. Anat.u.Emwick. 62: 244-251, Taf. 14, to f per cent, solution of methylen 

 1903. '' ^ , ■' 



blue was injected into the blood vessels 



or a 1^ to "l^ per cent, introduced into the pleural cavity. After 20 to 25 minutes 

 the sternum and the cartilaginous portions of the 2d and 4th ribs or even the 

 whole ribs to their attachment to the vertebrae were removed together with the 

 intercostal muscles and the pleura. The preparations were then placed in glass 

 vessels in a thermostat at 36.5°-37° C. for 25 to 40 minutes or even 1 to 1^ 

 hours. Fixation of the methylen blue stain was accomplished in a considerable 

 volume of 5 to 8 per cent, ammonium molybdate. After 18 to 24 hours the 

 pleura was dissected away together with a part of the internal intercostal mus- 

 cles, washed for 2 to 3 hours in distilled water and still further freed from the 

 muscles so that the preparations were thin enough for investigation. Pieces of 

 the pleura several centimeters in size were pinned out on cardboard, dehydrated, 

 freed from the cardboard, cleared in xylol and mounted in xylol-damar. Nerve 

 endings in pleura, at the transition of muscle and tendon and on the muscles 

 themselves, can then be studied. c. a. k. 



